CLTM: Electrographic Correlates correctly answered graded A+

CLTM: Electrographic CorrelatesThis drug initially produces diffuse beta, followed by generalized slowing, followed then by burst-suppression and finally (if titrated further) ECS: A. Diazepam B. Lorazepam C. Phenobarbital D. Propofol E. All of the above - correct answer E. All of the above OIRDA is often associated (i.e. 20-40%) with which type of epilepsy? A. Childhood absence epilepsy B. Frontal lobe epilepsy C. Benign rolandic epilepsy D. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. - correct answer A. Childhood absence epilepsy When the frequency of LPDs/PLEDs exceeds _____________, there is a significant risk of ongoing seizures. A. 0.5-1 Hz B. 1.5-2 Hz C. 4-5 Hz D. 5-7 Hz - correct answer B. 1.5-2 Hz Distinctive, high amplitude, diphasic spike or sharp wave in Midtemporal (T3, T4) and Central (C3, C4) regions with prominent slow wave with marked sleep activation is associated with which type of epilepsy? - correct answer Benign Rolandic Epilepsy (BRE) An interictal chaotic, high voltage (300 uv) asynchronous background with intermixed multifocal spikes and sharp waves that is associated with epileptic seizures. - correct answer Hypsarrhythmia Which is most likely to be related to epilepsy? GRDA(FIRDA), SREDA or TIRDA? - correct answer TIRDA (Temporal intermittent rhythmic delta activity): is associated with temporal lobe epilepsy. GRDA(FIRDA): Generalized rhythmic delta activity: is a relatively nonspecific regarding etiology and tends to be seen more in metabolic disorders and other diffuse encephalopathies. SREDA (subclinical rhythmic electrographic theta discharges in adults) is a benign variant found in adults over 50 during rest/drowsiness consisting of widespread sharply contoured 20-80 second runs of delta/theta waves bilaterally or lateralized, sometimes maximal parietal/posterior/temporal. Describe the ictal and interictal events of Infantile Spasms? - correct answer Ictal: seizures are brief in duration and consist of brief flexion and/or extension jerking movements. Dominated by an electrodecremental response - a flattening/attenuation of the EEG ( not to be misinterpreted as burst suppression). Interictal Event (hypsarrhythmia) is seen only in this syndrome and consists of a chaotic mixture of large asynchronous slow waves and spikes. One or more waves which begin abruptly, clearly stands out from the background EEG, reach maximum amplitude rapidly and disappear suddenly. - correct answer Paroxysmal discharge. Paroxysms often consist of complexes. They may be normal (i.e., sudden onset of drowsiness) or abnormal (i.e., epileptiform ictal or interictal patterns). Rhythmic, sharp waveforms at 5-6 Hz, widespread and maximal over the posterior area can last between 10-80 seconds. A rare pattern most commonly occurs in adults over the age of 50 in connection with HV. - correct answer SREDA (subclinical rhythmic EEG discharges of adults). Like RMTD (old term) likely to be misinterpreted as an ictal epileptiform pattern. Moderate to high voltage (100-300 uv) blunt spike-and-slow-wave complexes occurring periodically or in clusters at approximately 1.5-2.5 Hz with frontal predominance and an anterior posterior time lag. A. LPDs/PLEDs B. Burst-Suppression C. SHIRDA