ASL 101 Unit 1 FINAL EXAM 2023/2024

Where is ASL used? - ANSWERS US and Canada Why would hearing people have a need for ASL? - ANSWERS own deaf children, children born to deaf parents; family, friends, neighbors, etc who are all deaf When was ASL recognized as a distinct language? - ANSWERS mid-1960s- Gallaudet University linguistists proved ASL was a distinct language separate from English To what 2 major historical influences can ASL be traced? - ANSWERS -in 1600s, inhabitants of Martha's Vineyard (Cape Cod) had a genetic pool that resulted in a large population of Deaf individuals; on mainland, signs were used to communicate in villages- regional sign languages were brought to the first school for the Deaf in Hartford, CT -French Sign Language- brought to the first school for the Deaf Who founded the first School for the Deaf, and where was it founded? - ANSWERS Laurent Clerc (Deaf teacher from France) and Thomas Gallaudet (hearing American minister) founded the first School for the Deaf (1813) in Hartford, Connecticut What 2 languages blended to form the basis for ASL today? - ANSWERS indigenous sign languages (from village dialects) and French sign language What is true about some, but not all, Deaf children's culture who born into hearing families? - ANSWERS about 70% of deaf children born into hearing families do not sign (families do not embrace Deaf culture); 20% of hearing families with deaf children embrace the culture; 8-10% of families with Deaf children have other Deaf members and can form a native, unique dialect What is Gallaudet University? - ANSWERS the first university for Deaf students, founded in 1864 with a charter signed by President Abraham Lincoln; still used for higher education of Deaf students, and helps standardized signing of ASL across the nation What aversive event happened in 1880 against the Deaf community, in which repercussions are still being felt today? - ANSWERS at the International Congress for the Education of the Deaf Conference in Italy, educators who supported oral instruction successfully blocked the educators who supported Sign language; Congress favored oral education for all Deaf children (demoralized the Deaf community) What happened in 1988 at Gallaudet University? - ANSWERS ASL was already viewed as a distinct language from English, but Gallaudet University Board of Trustees members wanted to select a hearing president of the university- the Deaf community staged a week long protest because they thought their culture was being undermined by the Hearing community Is it frowned upon for hearing parents to teach their hearing infants ASL? - ANSWERS no! positive benefits of infants learning signs- enhances general language development (babies will learn more words) and improves parent-child relationships What terms should you or should you not used when addressing members of the Deaf population? - ANSWERS NOT: "deaf and dumb" "deaf mute" Appropriate: "hearing impaired" "deaf/hard of hearing" What is meant when by "Deaf" with a capital D? - ANSWERS Deaf culture- inclusive term for what people HAVE; people have a living culture, and available language, and infinite opportunities that being Deaf can offer What is expected of members of the Deaf community? - ANSWERS Deaf members should have a sense of social obligation and duty to others in the Deaf culture- sharing information and offering updates on what is going on in the Deaf world (b/c Deaf individuals need all of the advantages they can get in the broader world) What type of culture can the Deaf community be considered? - ANSWERS a collectivist culture- the community comes before the self How is grammar conveyed in ASL? - ANSWERS grammar is on the face- individual watches signer's face for expression while watching the actual signs in their peripheral vision How do Deaf individuals get another Deaf person's attention? - ANSWERS -waving in other's peripheral vision -tapping on certain parts of the body (shoulder) -hitting a surface to create vibrations What is considered rude in ASL culture when people are having a signed conversation? (3) - ANSWERS -if you're trying to pass, if you don't just go right through a signed conversation (ie waiting, bending down to pass or finding another path) -rude to watch another's signed conversation (especially if you know ASL and can understand what is being said) -when a hearing person who knows ASL talks in front of Deaf people (considered insensitive) What are common myths about ASL (that are untrue)? (3) - ANSWERS -ASL is not visual code for English- it is it's own distinct language, and there are distinct differences between the two (ie grammar and sentence structure) -ASL is not a language of pictures and pantomime (otherwise even hearing people could understand) -ASL is not a universally understood language- there are hundreds of other identified sign languages around the world What should one expect in an ASL classroom? - ANSWERS -all communication is in ASL -many ASL signs don't have direct English translations (must fill in gaps) -one should not speak English while signing (because they do not have the same sentence structure) -classroom set up in a circle so students can see each other What are 3 things you need to remember when learning ASL? - ANSWERS -there are not always English equivalents for ASL signs (can cause language interference if one always tries to find an English word that matches) -no speaking in the classroom- distraction -relax and have fun! What are 5 strategies for learning ASL? - ANSWERS -build a language community (don't miss class and make friends so you can practice outside of class) -minimize your reliance on English as you listen/converse in ASL -focus on the meaning rather than individual signs -focus on the signer's face instead of their hands -show you understand the signers (feedback for following along) What is important (palm orientation) when signing cardinal numbers? - ANSWERS numbers 1-5: -palm faces in -fingers spread apart for numbers 2-5 numbers 6-9: -palm faces out -tap fingers and thumb twice -fingers and thumb do not overlap What is important when fingerspelling? (palm orientation, etc) - ANSWERS -keep the flow -keep arm relaxed with your elbow down -keep your hand in the "sightline" for your listener (this included fingerspelling to a person directly in front of you, above you, or to someone next to you) Who was Andrew Foster? What did he contribute to the Deaf community? - ANSWERS Andrew Foster was a Deaf African American southerner dedicated his life to improving education of Deaf people- he opened Deaf schools all over West Africa, and founded the African Bible College for the Deaf What is important when asking wh-word questions? - ANSWERS at the end of the phrase: -brows furrow together