AAMI FHM&M Comprehensive Review, With Complete Verified Solution

AAMI FHM&M Comprehensive Review, With Complete Verified Solution Coffin A case or receptacle for dead human remains which is anthropoid in shape Casket FTC a rigid container which is designed for the encasement of human remains and which is usually constructed of wood, metal, or like material and ornamented and lined with fabric. Casket ABFSE a case or receptacle in which human remains are placed for protection, practical utility, and a suitable memory picture. Casket ABFSE and any box or container of one or more parts in which a dead human body is placed prior to interment, entombment, or cremation which may or may not be permanently interred, entombed, or cremated with the dead human remains. First US patent for a metallic coffin to James Gray 1836 Species of wood used for caskets Birch, Cherry, Mahogany, Maple, Oak, Poplar, Walnut, Pine, Select hardwood or Salix and other species. Softwood Species Gymnosperms are coniferous (cone bearing) with needles or scale like foliage like pines or cedars. Hardwood Species Angiosperms are broad-leaved deciduous trees that annually lose their leaves like oaks and maples. Mahogany 3 types South American Swietenia Philippine Shorea African Khaya Select Hardwood or Salix a casket constructed from a variety of hardwoods including poplar, willow or cottonwood. The component parts of a single casket will not necessarily be constructed of the same species of wood. Production of good quality casket requires: Solid wood planks between 1" and 4" in thickness- 130- 150 board feet of lumber with some up to 300 board feet. Board-foot unit of dimensional measurement Equal to a piece of lumber 12" square and 1" thick Laminates Made by uniting superimposed layers of different materials. Typically the uppermost (visible) layer is of finer quality than the less expensive base material. Wood Veneer created by gluing a thin layer of wood of superior value or excellent grain to an inferior wood. Composition Board composed of particles of wood bonded together with waterproof glue heat and pressure Types of composition board particle board, hardboard, fiberboard, oriented-strand board (OSB), medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and pressed board. Distinguished by size and shape of the particles of wood used. Plywood thin sheets of wood glued together, so that the grains are at right angles to one another; an odd number of sheets will always be used so that the grain on the front and back will always run in the same direction. Like a laminate of many wood veneers. Corrugated fiberboard or cardboard used as: basic construction material in many cremation containers and widely used as an upholstery backing material. Types of Metals used in Casket Construction Carbon Steel, Stainless Steel, Copper and Bronze Ferrous Metal any metal formed from iron. Iron is a metallic, silver white element that is easily formed, and shaped, rusts easily and is magnetically attractive Non-ferrous Metal any metal not formed from iron such as copper and bronze. Alloy two or more metals fused together by melting Steel AKA Carbon Steel a metal alloy consisting mainly of iron and carbon; used in caskets it is low in carbon which keeps it soft 9mild) and malleable; commercial steel contains carbon in and amount up to 1.7% as an essential alloying constituent. Too much carbon makes the steel brittle. Carbon steel caskets classified by: gauge- a measurement of thickness of metals Gauge roughly equated to the number of sheets of metal necessary to equal approximately on inch of thickness. An inverse relationship exists between the gauge number of the metal's thickness- the lower the gauge number the thicker the steel. Abbreviation of gauge "ga." Gauge is an abbreviation of United States Standard Gauge established by the US Government in 1893 Common gauges of steel caskets 16 gauge (finest available) 18 gauge (mid-line) and 20 gauge steel (economically priced) 20 gauge steel caskets typically square corner design, economically priced, with interiors of rayon twill or crepe. Many automobile body panels made from 20 gauge 19 gauge steel caskets Common a generation ago- infrequently seen today. Approx. 16% thicker than 20 gauge steel, will last 29% longer when earth buried. 18 gauge steel caskets Mid-line, variety of styles, typically lined with higher quality textiles, higher standard of construction and attention to detail than 20 gauge. Approx. 33% thicker and lasts 58% longer than 20 ga. 16 gauge steel caskets Finest available, costly to produce, round corner designs, often lined with better quality velvets. Approx. 67% thicker and lasts 133% longer than 20 ga. Galvanized steel coated with zinc- a bluish white rustless metallic element. Galvanized steel offers increased resistance to rust. Not seen so often is caskets but in burial vaults Stainless Steel A metal alloy of steel, chromium, and sometimes nickel; noted for its ability to resist rust. Not rust proof but rust resistant due to a chromium content of 10% SST Stainless steel offers significantly greater durability than carbon steel but does not approach the rustproof longevity of non-ferrous metals like copper and bronze. Ferritic stainless steel an alloy aka 400 series or 409 stainless is a basic grade of stainless steel with good corrosion resistance properties. Mainly composed of iron and carbon (steel) to which has been added chromium in an amount not less than 10% of whole. Its easy to machine and weld, used in automobile exhaust tubing, disc brake systems and agricultural equipment. 11-0 or 12-0 Ferritic stainless steel possessing a minimum of 11% to 12% chromium with no appreciable amount of nickel. The first number refers to the alloy's chromium content and the second number the alloy's nickel content. Austenitic Stainless Steel Excellent corrosion resistance, significant increase in quality compared to 400 series stainless. AKA 300 series or 304 stainless and possesses higher chromium content (18%) and the added element of nickel (8%) and is sometimes called 18-8 stainless. Versatile and widely used alloy, used in food possessing and storage equipment, quality sinks and tableware, chemical containers, and high performance engines like jet turbines. Three effects of presence of nickel 1st it offers additional corrosion resistance 2nd it renders the alloy non-magnetically attractive 3rd it allows for stronger welds. A magnet will stick to 400 series but won't be attracted to 300 series. Copper a malleable, ductile metallic element having a characteristic reddish brown color. Easily drawn-out and pressed, shaped and formed, as it is fairly soft. Non-ferrous Metals Copper and Bronze. They do not contain iron so are non-rusting and highly durable. High end of metal caskets and are considered semi-precious metals. Copper Bronze distinguished by weight expressed in: Ounces per square foot. This expression of thickness is known as Brown & Sharpe Gauge. A bronze or copper casket identified as 32 ounce or 48 ounce referring to the weight (thickness) of the the wrought material used to construct the casket shell. 32 ounce copper casket thickness roughly equal to 18 gauge steel 48 ounce copper casket thickness roughly 14 or 15 gauge steel. The number of ounces per square foot, the thicker the metal used to produce the casket. Verdigris When copper is exposed to moisture it develops a mellow blue-green patina caused by deposits of mainly copper carbonates on the surface. Wrought copper caskets formed from copper metal rolled in sheets, stamped into the casket's component parts and assembled. copper deposit casket a casket made from a solid core of copper metal to which copper ions are combined by an electrolyte process. Bronze a metal alloy consisting of 90% copper with tin and sometimes zinc comprising the other 10%. Considered the ultimate material used in metal casket manufacture. and possesses far greater durability and strength than copper. Wrought bronze a casket formed from bronze metal rolled into sheets. A cast bronze casket formed from molten bronze poured into a mold and allowed to cool. A cast bronze casket could weigh over 1000 pounds. No longer in regular production. Other materials Fiberglass and polymer plastics Fiberglass a material consisting of very fine filaments of glass embedded in various resins. Caskets of fiberglass are very lightweight, strong and can have a variety of finishes. including paint, faux woodgrain, and faux marble. Plastic a synthetic or natural organic material shaped when soft and then hardened. Less frequently seen in caskets, more common in hardware components. Polymer a compound, similar in appearance to plastic, that has a high molecular weight creating an extremely durable substance. Casket Shell the component parts of the casket comprised of the cap (lid) and body of the casket. Cap aka Lid the topmost portion of the casket shell, including the ogee, crown, pie and header. Cap is comprised of: ogee (rim), crown, pie (fishtail), header (bridge, cap filler), ogee flange (rim flange), gasket channel (transverse gasket channel), header flange (bridge flange, cap filler flange) Ogee aka rim an "S" shaped molding that is a component of the casket cap. When viewed in profile, resembles a double- curved line, or the joining of the convex and concave lines. Crown the uppermost part of the cap, extending from rim to rim. Everything above the rim of the cap. Pie or fishtail the wedge shaped portion of the cap at each end of the crown. Header aka Bridge or Cap Filler Found only in the caps of cut-top caskets, it is the portion of the cap/lid that is constructed into caskets that display a cut top; it provides strength/rigidity at the point of the transverse cut. Provides a measure of aesthetic value and seen in pairs; one located at the foot-end of the head cap and one at the head-end of the foot cap. Ogee flange or rim flange the turned-under edge or horizontal portion of the rim which comes into contact with the gasket (if one is used) or body ledge flange (top body molding flange). Gasket channel or transverse gasket channel Exclusively found on cut-top gasketed caskets; it is an integral part of the foot panel header on gasketed caskets; the function of the gasket channel is to hold the transverse gasket to seal the space between the head and foot caps of the casket. Header flange or bridge flange or cap filler flange the turned-under edge or horizontal portion of the header. Body that portion of the casket shell containing the top body molding, body panels, base molding and casket bottom. The portion of the casket that actually receives and holds the body of the deceased. The Body is comprised of: body ledge (top body molding) a)end body panels and b) side body panels, base molding, body ledge flange (top body molding flange), casket bottom Body ledge or top body molding a molding along the uppermost edge of the body panels. Body panels compose the sides and ends of the casket. Base molding molding along the lowermost edge of the body panels. Body ledge flange or top body molding flange the horizontal portion of the top body molding (body ledge) where the gasket is placed on gasketed caskets. Hardware the handles, ornamental fixtures, and their fittings that are attached to the casket shell. Swing bar handles moveable casket handles with hinged arms Stationary bar handles a non moveable casket handle Casket handles consist of four components: lug (ear), arm, bar, tip