Micro Exam 3 Study Guide questions and answers

bacterial DNA 1-2 circular chromosomes, DNA is much longer than the cell, replicates right before binary fission, found in the cytoplasm Prokaryotic chromosomes circular, one origin of replication, 1000 nucleotides/second, primer removal = DNA polymerase 1, strand elongation = DNA polymerase III eukaryotic chromosomes multiple linear strands, have centromeres and telomeres, need to separate, multiple origins of replication, 100 nucleotides/second; primer removal = RNAse H; elongationpolymerase sigma and epsilon transcription the process of coping DNA to RNA; DNA dependent RNA polymerase is enzyme sigma factors additional proteins that help initiate transcription; bind to promoter and help DNA polymerase bind to promoter; unique to bacteria translation process of making proteins (amino acid chains) from RNA, enzymes are ribosomes; occurs at the same time as transcription operon a way bacteria organize gene