Oat Biology Questions set Question And Answer.

Muscle movement on the cellular level is initiated by the release of Ca2+ from the terminal cisternae. Terminal cisternae are associated with A. sarcoplasmic reticulum. B. myosin cross-bridges. C. myoglobin. D. canaliculi. E. thin filaments. - correct answer A Muscle fibers store Ca++ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum for release during contraction. The sarcoplasmic reticulum, analogous to the endoplasmic reticulum, runs extensively throughout the fiber so that released Ca++ will come into immediate contact with each sarcomere and cause a uniform contraction. The Ca++ is released from the terminal cisternae of the SR. Non-cyclic photophosphorylation during the light reaction produces A. ATP only. B. ATP and NADPH. C. ATP and glucose. D. NADPH and glucose. E. glucose and water. - correct answer B In the non-cyclic pathway, electrons in photosystem II are excited, passed down an electron transport chain to make ATP, but instead of being returned to chlorophyll, the electrons are transferred to photosystem I, where they are excited again and then transferred to NADP+ in the high-energy state to form NADPH. The chlorophyll molecule in photosystem II is then left with an electron "hole" to fill. It replaces these electrons by splitting water to yield electrons, H+ and O2. So, additional products that could have been amongst the correct answers are oxygen and hydrogen ions. - correct answer D Let R = dominant red color and r = recessive white color. There are two possible red genotypes for the unknown offspring-RR (pure homozygous red) and Rr (heterozygous red). The unknown offspring will be referred to as R_. If the cross in choice A were performed, crossing R_ with Rr (red plant with a white parent), then you would be able to determine the unknown genotype. If there were any white offspring, the unknown genotype must be Rr. If only red offspring resulted, then the genotype must be RR. The cross in choice B would not be useful because the genotype of the red plant with two red parents could be either RR or Rr, depending on whether the parents were homozygous or heterozygous and what gametes they donated. If the cross in choice C were performed, crossing R_ with rr, you would be able to determine the unknown genotype of the offspring. If there were any white offspring, the unknown genotype must be Rr. If only red offspring resulted, then the genotype must be RR. Therefore answer choice D is the correct answer, because both answer choices A and C will work. If two individuals with the genotype AaBbCc mate, what is the probability that they will produce an offspring with the genotype AABBCC? A. 1/64 B. 1/32 C. 1/16 D. 1/4 E. 1/2 - correct answer A The probability of two heterozygotes producing offspring that are homozygous dominant for one trait is 1/4. The probability of two heterozygotes producing offspring that are homozygous dominant for two traits: 1/4 *1/4=1/16 . By the same logic, the probability of two heterozygotes producing offspring that are homozygous dominant for three traits is .25*.25*.25=1/64 . - correct answer E Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment states that if traits are on different chromosomes, then the alleles of these different traits should separate independently of each other into different gametes. The likelihood of two genes on the same chromosome separating independently of each other increases with the distance between the two genes. (A) Choice A, the Law of Dominance states that one factor (gene) of a pair may mask or inhibit the expression of the opposite member (recessive) of the pair. (B) Choice B, the Law of Segregation states that the members of a pair of genes separate, or segregate, at the time of segregation. (C and D) Choices C and D are not Mendel's Laws. The fourth of Mendel's laws, the Law of Unit Characters, states that inheritable factors occur in pairs, and each pair acts as a unit to control the inheritance of a particular trait. Cellular respiration produces A. 2 ATP/mol of glucose. B. 4 ATP/mol of glucose. C. 12 ATP/mol of glucose. D. 32 ATP/mol of glucose. E. 36 ATP/mol of glucose. - correct answer E Cellular respiration, consisting of glycolysis, Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, yields approximately 36 ATP per mole of glucose. Prokaryotes are found in the kingdom A. Protista. B. Plantae. C. Fungi. D. Monera. E. Animalia. - correct answer D Prokaryotes are found only in the kingdom Monera. The members include bacteria and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae).