NR 283: Pathophysiology Final Exam Review Questions With Complete Solutions

NR 283: Pathophysiology Final Exam Review Questions With Complete SolutionsUTI or Acute Cystitis - cloudy urine - caused by E. coli Pancreatitis is caused by: - gallstones (bile duct disorder) - alcohol Rickets - a term used for osteomalacia in CHILDREN - usually due to inadequate or lack of Vitamin D Appendicitis - pain in the lower right quadrant (LRQ) Peptic Ulcer (Gastric) - occult blood in stool - coffee-ground vomitus (coffee grains in the vomit) Sprain - a torn ligament Azotemia - nitrogen in the blood caused by kidney damage - excess urea and other nitrogen wastes in the blood, as in renal failure Dislocation - distortion of joint, usually evident - bone separated from/deformed at joint What group is at high-risk for Gout? - males between 40-50 years of age What group is at high-risk for Osteoporosis? - postmenopausal women due to low estrogen levels Gastritis - is an inflammation of the stomach that may occur in many forms such as acute and chronic - inflammatory disorder of gastric mucosa - Increases risk of cancer Acute Gastritis - gastric mucosa is inflamed - may be ulcerated and bleeding - is usually self-limiting - may result from infection by microorganisms, allergies to foods, spicy or irritating foods, excessive alcohol intake, ingestion of aspirin or other NSAIDs, ingestion of corrosive or toxic substances, radiation or chemotherapy - signs and symtpoms include: • anorexia, nausea, vomiting may develop • hematemesis caused by bleeding • epigastric pain, cramps or general discomfort • with infection, diarrhea may develop Chronic Gastritis - characterized by atrophy of stomach mucosa • loss of secretory glands • reduced production of intrinsic factor - Helicobacter pylori infection is often present - signs may be vague • mild epigastric discomfort, anorexia, intolerance for cert