FISDAP Airway Exam Study Guide 2024,
With Complete Verified Solution.
Alveolar air volume
Amount of air that reaches alveoli for gas exchange (approx. 350 ml. For adult male)
Tidal volume minus dead space
Dead air space
Anatomically: structures that hold air, but can't participate in gas exchange.
Physiologically: alveoli or capillaries destroyed by disease
Expiratory reserve volume
Amount of gas that can be forcefully expired at the end of a normal expiration
Inspiratory reserve volume
Amount of gas that can be forcefully inspired in addition to a normal breaths tidal
volume
Internal respiration
Exchange of gases between blood cells and tissues
Peak expiratory flow
The greatest rate of airflow during forced expiration when lungs are fully inflated
Residual volume
After maximal forced exhalation, amount of air remaining not able to be expelled
Tidal volume
Amount of air in a respiratory cycle (500 ml, 5-7ml/kg)
Minute volume
Amount of gas moved in and out of respiratory tract per minute
Air trapping
A respiratory pattern associated with an obstruction in the pulmonary tree. Rate
increases to overcome resistance
Angle of Louis
Angulation of the sternum that indicates the point where the second rib joins the
sternum. (manubriosternal junction)
Anoxia
total lack of oxygen available to the tissues
Apnea
Respiratory arrest
Atelectasis
Abnormal condition characterized by collapse of alveoli, preventing exchange of co2
and o2 in a part of the lungs
Barrier device
Thin film of material placed on the patient's face used to prevent direct contact with the
patient's mouth during PPV
Carina
Where the trachea divides into right and left bronchi
Ronchi
, Rattling or rumbling in the lungs. Inspiration and expiration. Fluid in larger airways and
may be cleared from a cough.
Stridor
Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sound best heard over the neck
Rattles (ronchi)
Inflammation and mucus or fluid in larger airways heard on inspiration. Associated with
bronchitis or pneumonia
Crackles (rales)
Wet lungs - sounds like hair rolled in finger tips. fluid in smaller airways, crackling or
popping sound on inspiration, sound that indicates presence of fluid in smaller airways
Croup
Viral infection in upper airway that sounds like a seal bark
Wheeze
Whistling sound heard on inspiration or expiration in pharynx, trachea, bronchi
Biots respirations
Irregular respirations and rate with periods of apnea from increased ICP, brain damage
at medulla, DKA, and OD'ing
Agonal respirations
Slow, shallow, irregular from anoxic brain injury
Central neurogenic hyperventilation
Similar to Kussmaul respirations, deep and rapid breathing from increased ICP
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
A pattern of gradually increasing rate and depth of breathing that tapers to slower and
shallower breathing with a period of apnea before the cycle repeats
Hering-Breuer reflex
Reflex that limits inspiration and prevents overinflation
Hiccup
Spasm of the diaphragm
Benign tumor
Not spreading aggressively
Malignant tumor
Aggressively spreads
Secondary tumor
Spread from its original location
Primary tumor
Collection of cells that grow out of control, in excess of normal rate. Tumor that
develops in only 1 tissue
Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome (ARDS)
Collection of fluid in the alveoli of the lung, usually from trauma or illness
Compliance
Resistance of the patient's lung tissue to ventilation
Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure Device (BiPAP)
Air pressure during inhalation and lower pressure to during exhalation
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
Slight PPV throughout the respiratory cycle to prevent airway collapse
Costal angle
With Complete Verified Solution.
Alveolar air volume
Amount of air that reaches alveoli for gas exchange (approx. 350 ml. For adult male)
Tidal volume minus dead space
Dead air space
Anatomically: structures that hold air, but can't participate in gas exchange.
Physiologically: alveoli or capillaries destroyed by disease
Expiratory reserve volume
Amount of gas that can be forcefully expired at the end of a normal expiration
Inspiratory reserve volume
Amount of gas that can be forcefully inspired in addition to a normal breaths tidal
volume
Internal respiration
Exchange of gases between blood cells and tissues
Peak expiratory flow
The greatest rate of airflow during forced expiration when lungs are fully inflated
Residual volume
After maximal forced exhalation, amount of air remaining not able to be expelled
Tidal volume
Amount of air in a respiratory cycle (500 ml, 5-7ml/kg)
Minute volume
Amount of gas moved in and out of respiratory tract per minute
Air trapping
A respiratory pattern associated with an obstruction in the pulmonary tree. Rate
increases to overcome resistance
Angle of Louis
Angulation of the sternum that indicates the point where the second rib joins the
sternum. (manubriosternal junction)
Anoxia
total lack of oxygen available to the tissues
Apnea
Respiratory arrest
Atelectasis
Abnormal condition characterized by collapse of alveoli, preventing exchange of co2
and o2 in a part of the lungs
Barrier device
Thin film of material placed on the patient's face used to prevent direct contact with the
patient's mouth during PPV
Carina
Where the trachea divides into right and left bronchi
Ronchi
, Rattling or rumbling in the lungs. Inspiration and expiration. Fluid in larger airways and
may be cleared from a cough.
Stridor
Harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sound best heard over the neck
Rattles (ronchi)
Inflammation and mucus or fluid in larger airways heard on inspiration. Associated with
bronchitis or pneumonia
Crackles (rales)
Wet lungs - sounds like hair rolled in finger tips. fluid in smaller airways, crackling or
popping sound on inspiration, sound that indicates presence of fluid in smaller airways
Croup
Viral infection in upper airway that sounds like a seal bark
Wheeze
Whistling sound heard on inspiration or expiration in pharynx, trachea, bronchi
Biots respirations
Irregular respirations and rate with periods of apnea from increased ICP, brain damage
at medulla, DKA, and OD'ing
Agonal respirations
Slow, shallow, irregular from anoxic brain injury
Central neurogenic hyperventilation
Similar to Kussmaul respirations, deep and rapid breathing from increased ICP
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
A pattern of gradually increasing rate and depth of breathing that tapers to slower and
shallower breathing with a period of apnea before the cycle repeats
Hering-Breuer reflex
Reflex that limits inspiration and prevents overinflation
Hiccup
Spasm of the diaphragm
Benign tumor
Not spreading aggressively
Malignant tumor
Aggressively spreads
Secondary tumor
Spread from its original location
Primary tumor
Collection of cells that grow out of control, in excess of normal rate. Tumor that
develops in only 1 tissue
Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome (ARDS)
Collection of fluid in the alveoli of the lung, usually from trauma or illness
Compliance
Resistance of the patient's lung tissue to ventilation
Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure Device (BiPAP)
Air pressure during inhalation and lower pressure to during exhalation
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
Slight PPV throughout the respiratory cycle to prevent airway collapse
Costal angle
