UCLA Anthro 1: Final Study Guide Questions With Verified Solutions

UCLA Anthro 1: Final Study Guide Questions With Verified Solutions Define theories, hypotheses, assumptions, data, & inferences. - ANS Theories: explains CAUSAL relationships at an ABSTRACT level Hypothesis: deduced from theory (more specific, 2 variables) assumptions: conclusion without evidence data: information of any type inference: conclusion from evidence Darwin's Postulates - ANS 1) Population is infinite, but resources are not 2) Population varies 3) Heritability (variation passed down) Ground Finches - ANS Birds on Galapagos island Drought big beaks survived to open big hard seeds small beaks couldn't compete Postulates: 1) lots of birds, not that many seeds, 2) some small some big beaks, 3) heritable beaks Toxin Resistance in Daphnia - ANS ?? Misconceptions about evolution by natural selection (6) - ANS DOES NOT happen at random, does NOT happen at individual level but a population composition, CAN be complex, CAN have rapid change, NOT always a good thing Why is phenotypic variation continuous even though genes are concrete? - ANS becuase each phenotype is not composed of one individual gene - genes determining phenotype can be *found throughout range of different loci* - phenotype also affected by *environment* How does natural selection move populations far beyond their initial range of variation? (chihuahua effect) - ANS Hidden variation within genes - recessive genes are not replaced, just not passed down, but doesnt mean its eliminated 5 constraints on adaptation CDGLL - ANS Correlated Characters (have one characteristic -- leads to another genetically/genes affect more than one character) Disequilibrium (selection takes time to catch up w environment) Genetic Drift (random changes/mutations in gene frequencies) Local vs Optimal (natural selection favors trait atm, but does not look ahead -- most common phenotype may not be BEST phenotype)