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Test Bank for Evolution 3rd Edition by Carl Bergstrom, Lee Alan Dugatkin. Isbn. 9781324033714

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Test Bank for Evolution 3rd Edition by Carl Bergstrom, Lee Alan Dugatkin. Isbn. 9781324033714. Evolution 3e test bank. Carl Bergstrom 3e test bank for Evolution. TOC-=PART I Foundations of Evolutionary Biology 1. An Overview of Evolutionary Biology 2. Early Evolutionary Ideas and Darwin’s In...

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TEST BANK Evolution 3rd Edition by Carl Bergstrom

Chapter 1 : An Overview of Evolutionary Biology

1. Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution resulted in a ________ because it changed the way
we understand how all living things came to be and how they function.

a. paradigm shift
b. null hypothesis
c. physical theory
d. static discovery

2. Darwin realized that the often exquisite fit of species to their environment is primarily the
result of

a. paradigm shifts.
b. natural selection.
c. supernatural events.
d. empirical research.

3. When describing the importance of Darwin’s theory of evolution, Theodosius
Dobzhansky proposed that

a. nothing in biology makes sense except in light of evolution.
b. this theory of evolution changes the way we think of Earth in the universe.
c. evolution can now be used to control our destiny.
d. we no longer need to invoke the supernatural for any cause.

4. One of the observations for which Darwin’s theory of evolution provided an explanation
is

a. why offspring tend to share traits with their parents.
b. why the vast majority of species that have ever existed are extinct.
c. why Earth is not the center of the universe.
d. why similar species can have very different amounts of DNA.

5. What is evolutionary biology?

a. a description of the fossil record
b. the field of science that deals with matter and its motion through space and time
c. the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment

, d. the study of the origin, maintenance, and diversity of life

6. To understand the evolution of a species, we need to know about its ancestors and the
changes that have occurred within the lineage leading to that species. Darwin called this
process

a. natural selection.
b. descent with modification.
c. genetics.
d. changes in fitness.

7. Which of the following best summarizes the process of evolution by natural selection?

a. Most mutations have harmful effects and therefore increase in frequency over time.
b. Mutations that do not affect the fitness of individuals are selected to decrease in
frequency over time.
c. Natural selection results in mutations that disrupt finely tuned processes.
d. Mutations that improve the fitness of individuals will tend to increase in frequency
over time.

8. Which process is demonstrated in the figure shown?

a. artificial selection
b. natural selection

, c. genetics
d. paradigm shift

9. In what way are natural selection and artificial selection similar?

a. Both result in an increased frequency of beneficial traits.
b. Both rely on human intervention to prevent deleterious mutations from increasing
in frequency.
c. Both have been occurring for the past 3.5 billion years.
d. Neither is able to produce dramatic changes in traits.

10. In which of the following ways is artificial selection different from natural selection?

a. Artificial selection cannot result in changes in traits.
b. Artificial selection relies on humans choosing which traits are beneficial.
c. Artificial selection is only applied to plants.
d. Artificial selection results in organisms that cannot survive and reproduce.

11. Which of the following is an example of artificial selection?

a. selection for pests resistant to pesticides
b. selection for weeds that can grow in the presence of herbicides applied by farmers
c. selection for cows that produce more milk
d. selection for insects that transmit disease more efficiently

12. After looking at the figure, predict what will happen if a new antibiotic to the food
poisoning bacteria Campylobacter jejuni is developed and prescribed heavily by
physicians beginning this year.

a. Campylobacter jejuni will be effectively treated for the next 2 to 3 decades.
b. Campylobacter jejuni will be effectively treated for the next 2 to 5 years.

, c. The new antibiotic will make all former antibiotics for treating Campylobacter
jejuni obsolete.
d. The new antibiotic may not work to treat Campylobacter jejuni.

13. Antibiotic resistance evolves quickly because

a. antibiotics impose strong selection for resistance.
b. antibiotics cause new mutations in bacteria that result in antibiotic resistance.
c. antibiotics decrease the generation time.
d. antibiotics increase the number of progeny bacteria produce.

14. Why do physicians often prescribe antibiotics in combination?

a. to decrease the rate at which antibiotic resistance evolves and spreads
b. to prevent common side effects to the patient
c. to increase the likelihood that resistance mutations will arise in the bacteria
d. in case an infection is caused by both bacteria and viruses

15. A branching tree showing the historical relationships among species is known as a(n)

a. species network.
b. natural selection tree.
c. phylogenetic tree.
d. extinction chart.

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