NCC EFM Certification
foramen ovale - ANSshunts blood from the right atrium directly into the left atrium allowing
most blood to bypass the baby's developing lungs. Closes after birth from 6 months to 1
year.
ductus arteriosus - ANSconnects the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta, bypassing
the lungs to the right ventricle.
ductus venosus - ANSShunts umbilical vein blood directly to Inferior Vena Cava. Allows
blood from placenta to bypass Liver. Also plays a big role in shunting oxygenated blood to
the Brain.
hypercapnia, hypercarbia - ANSincreased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, can be due
to hypoventilation.
simple diffusion (passive transport) - ANSNo energy is used for exchange. From higher to
lower concentration gradient. Examples: oxygen, carbon dioxide, some drugs, etc.
facilitated diffusion - ANSthe transport of substances through a cell membrane along a
concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins. Needs a "pump" gradient. Examples:
Glucose, carbohydrates.
active transport - ANSEnergy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane
against a concentration difference. Examples: Amino Acids, water-soluble vitamins, some
larger ions such as Calcium and Iron.
bulk flow - ANSthe movement of a fluid driven by pressure. Examples: water, dissolved
electrolytes
Pinocytosis - ANSprocess by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment.
Large molecules are enclosed in smaller vesicles consisting of cell membrane. Cell
membrane is pinched off on one side of placenta, traverse to the other side and content is
released. Examples: immune globulins, viruses, antibodies
hypertrophy - ANSincrease in muscle size
trophoblast - ANSouter cells of the blastocyst that secrete enzymes that allow implantation.
Serve as a filter permitting exchange of nutrients and waste products.
umbilical arteries - ANScarry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta. There are
2!
umbilical vein - ANScarries oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus. There is only 1...!!!!
foramen ovale - ANSshunts blood from the right atrium directly into the left atrium allowing
most blood to bypass the baby's developing lungs. Closes after birth from 6 months to 1
year.
ductus arteriosus - ANSconnects the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta, bypassing
the lungs to the right ventricle.
ductus venosus - ANSShunts umbilical vein blood directly to Inferior Vena Cava. Allows
blood from placenta to bypass Liver. Also plays a big role in shunting oxygenated blood to
the Brain.
hypercapnia, hypercarbia - ANSincreased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood, can be due
to hypoventilation.
simple diffusion (passive transport) - ANSNo energy is used for exchange. From higher to
lower concentration gradient. Examples: oxygen, carbon dioxide, some drugs, etc.
facilitated diffusion - ANSthe transport of substances through a cell membrane along a
concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins. Needs a "pump" gradient. Examples:
Glucose, carbohydrates.
active transport - ANSEnergy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane
against a concentration difference. Examples: Amino Acids, water-soluble vitamins, some
larger ions such as Calcium and Iron.
bulk flow - ANSthe movement of a fluid driven by pressure. Examples: water, dissolved
electrolytes
Pinocytosis - ANSprocess by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment.
Large molecules are enclosed in smaller vesicles consisting of cell membrane. Cell
membrane is pinched off on one side of placenta, traverse to the other side and content is
released. Examples: immune globulins, viruses, antibodies
hypertrophy - ANSincrease in muscle size
trophoblast - ANSouter cells of the blastocyst that secrete enzymes that allow implantation.
Serve as a filter permitting exchange of nutrients and waste products.
umbilical arteries - ANScarry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta. There are
2!
umbilical vein - ANScarries oxygenated blood from placenta to fetus. There is only 1...!!!!
