HTH 210 FINAL EXAM With Correct Answers

HTH 210 FINAL EXAM pulmonologist - ANS Specialist in treating disorders of the lungs gastric - ANS Pertaining to the stomach epigastric - ANS Abdominal region above the stomach hypogastric - ANS Abdominal region below the stomach unilateral - ANS Pertaining to one side of the body only macrocyte - ANS Large red blood cell macrocytic - ANS Pertaining to a macrocyte mature - ANS Fully developed Latin: ready postmature - ANS Infant born after 42 weeks of gestation premature - ANS Occurring before the expected time; e.g., an infant born before 37 weeks of gestation. microcyte - ANS Small red blood cell microcytic - ANS Pertaining to a small red blood cell natal - ANS Pertaining to birth postnatal - ANS After the birth prenatal - ANS Before the birth diagnosis - ANS The determination of the cause of a disease diagnostic - ANS Pertaining to or establishing a diagnosis diagnose - ANS To make a diagnosis prognosis - ANS A forecast of the probable course and outcome of a disease axilla - ANS Medical term for the armpit Latin: armpit axillary - ANS Pertaining to the armpit ileum - ANS Third portion of the small intestine. Latin: to twist or roll up mucus - ANS Sticky secretion of cells in mucous membranes Greek: slime mucous - ANS Pertaining to mucus or the mucosa mucosa - ANS Lining of a tubular structure that secretes mucus prostrate - ANS To lay flat or to be overcome by physical weakness and exhaustion Latin: to stretch out reflux - ANS Backward flow Latin: backward flow hypertensive - ANS Pertaining to or suffering from high blood pressure hypotensive - ANS Pertaining to or suffering from low blood pressure intravenous - ANS Inside a vein protocol - ANS Detailed plan; in this case, for a regimen of therapy Latin: contents page of a book abdomen - ANS Part of the trunk between thorax and pelvis Latin: abdomen abdominal - ANS Pertaining to the abdomen anatomy - ANS Study of the structures of the human body anatomical - ANS Pertaining to anatomy anterior - ANS The front surface of the body; situated in front (opposite of posterior) caudal - ANS Pertaining to or nearer to the tailbone (opposite of cephalic, same as inferior) cephalic - ANS Pertaining to or nearer the head (opposite of caudal, same as superior) coronal - ANS Pertaining to the vertical plane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions (same as frontal) distal - ANS Situated away from the center of the body (opposite of proximal) lateral - ANS Situated at the side of a structure (opposite of medial) medial - ANS Nearer the middle of the body (opposite of lateral) posterior - ANS Pertaining to the back surface of the body; situated behind (opposite of anterior) proximal - ANS Situated nearest to the center of the body (opposite of distal) sagittal - ANS Vertical place through the body dividing it into right and left portions transverse - ANS Horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions Latin: crosswise abdominopelvic - ANS Pertaining to the abdomen and pelvis cavity - ANS A hollow space or body compartment quadrant - ANS One quarter of a circle; one of four regions of the surface of the abdomen Latin: one quarter thoracic - ANS Pertaining to the chest (thorax) thorax - ANS The part of the trunk between the abdomen and neck Greek: chest umbilical - ANS Pertaining to the umbilicus or the center of the abdomen umbilicus - ANS Pit in the abdomen where the umbilical cord entered the fetus cell - ANS The smallest unit of the body capable of independent existence Latin: a storeroom cytology - ANS Study of the cell cytologist - ANS Specialist in the structure, chemistry, and pathology of the cell fertilize - ANS Penetration of the egg by sperm Greek: to bear organ - ANS Structure with specific functions in a body system Latin: instrument, tool organelle - ANS Part of a cell having specialized function(s) organism - ANS Any whole living individual plant or animal tissue - ANS Collection of similar cells Latin: to weave zygote - ANS Cell resulting from the union of sperm and egg Greek: yolk anabolism - ANS The buildup of complex substances in the cell from simpler ones as a part of metabolism catabolism - ANS The breakdown of complex substances into simpler ones as a part of metabolism chromosome - ANS Body in the nucleus that contains DNA and genes cytoplasm - ANS Clear, gelatinous substance that forms the substance of a cell, except for the nucleus deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - ANS Source of hereditary characteristics found in chromosomes electrolyte - ANS Substance that, when dissolved in a suitable medium, forms electrically charged particles intracellular - ANS Within the cell lipid - ANS General term for all types of fat compounds; for example, cholesterol, triglycerides and fatty acids Greek: fat membrane - ANS Thin layer of tissue covering a structure or cavity Latin: parchment membranous - ANS Pertaining to a membrane metabolism - ANS The constantly changing physical and chemical processes occurring in the cell that are the sum of anabolism and catabolism metabolic - ANS Pertaining to metabolism mitochondria - ANS Organelle that generate, store, and release energy for cell activities nucleolus - ANS Small mass within the nucleus nucleus - ANS Functional center of a cell or structure Latin: command center nuclear - ANS Pertaining to a nucleus protein - ANS Class of food substances based on amino acids Greek: protein ribonucleic acid (RNA) - ANS The information carrier from DNA in the nucleus to an organelle to produce protein molecules connective tissue - ANS The supporting tissue of the body tissue = Latin: to weave graft - ANS Transplantation of living tissue French: transplant histology - ANS Study of the structure and function of cells, tissues, and organs histologist - ANS Specialist in histology patellar - ANS Pertaining to the patella capsule - ANS Fibrous tissue layer surrounding a joint or other structure Latin: little box capsular - ANS Pertaining to a capsule collagen - ANS Major protein of connective tissue, cartilage, and bone synovial - ANS Pertaining to the synovial membrane or fluid digestion - ANS Breakdown of food into elements suitable for cell metabolism digestive - ANS Pertaining to digestion integument - ANS Organ system that covers the body, the skin being the main organ within the system Latin: a covering integumentary - ANS Pertaining to the covering of the body nervous - ANS Pertaining to a nerve or the nervous system; or easily excited or agitated skeleton - ANS The bony framework of the body Greek: skeleton or mummy biopsy - ANS removing tissue from a living person for a laboratory examination carcinoma - ANS a malignant and invasive epithelial tumor cryosurgery - ANS use of liquid nitrogen or argon gas in a probe to freeze and kill abnormal tissue cutaneous - ANS pertaining to the skin dermatology - ANS medical specialty concerned with disorders of the skin dermatologist - ANS Medical specialist in diseases of the skin dermatologic - ANS pertaining to the skin and dermatology etiology - ANS the study of the causes of a disease excrete - ANS to pass waste and products of metabolism of the body excretion - ANS removal of waste products of metabolism out of the body squamous cell - ANS flat, scale like epithelial cell secrete (secretion) - ANS to produce a chemical substance in a cell and release it from the cell synthesis - ANS the process of building a compound from different elements synthetic - ANS built up or put together from simpler compounds vasoconstriction - ANS reduction in diameter of a blood vessel vasodilation - ANS increase in diameter of a blood vessel adipose - ANS containing fat dandruff - ANS scales in hair from shedding the epidermis dermis - ANS connective tissue layer of the skin beneath the epidermis dermal - ANS pertaining to the skin epidermis - ANS top layer of the skin epidermal - ANS pertaining to the epidermis hypodermis - ANS loose connective tissue layer of skin below the dermis hypodermic - ANS pertaining to the hypodermis intradermal - ANS within the epidermis intramuscular - ANS within the muscle keratin - ANS protein present in skin, hair, and nails melanin - ANS black pigment found in skin, hair, and retina sebaceous glands - ANS glands in the dermis that open into hair follicles and secrete a waxy fluid called sebum sebum - ANS waxy secretion of the sebaceous glands subcutaneous - ANS below the skin transdermal - ANS going across or through the skin ultraviolet - ANS light rays at a higher frequency then the violet end of the spectrum wheal - ANS small, itchy swelling of the skin...raised by an infection they do not itch allergenic - ANS pertaining to the capacity to produce an allergic reaction atopy - ANS state of hypersensitivity to an allergen-allergic dermatitis - ANS inflammation of the skin eczema - ANS inflammatory skin disease, often with a serous discharge eczematous - ANS pertaining to or marked by eczema excoriate - ANS to scratch excoriation - ANS scratch mark pruritus - ANS itching pruritic - ANS itchy antipruritic - ANS medication against itching rash - ANS skin eruption seborrhea - ANS excessive amount of sebum seborrheic - ANS pertaining to seborrhea stasis - ANS stagnation in the flow of any body fluid vesicle - ANS small sac containing liquid (blister) decubitus ulcer - ANS sore caused by lying down by long periods of time herpes zoster - ANS painful eruption of vesicles that follows a nerve root on one side of the body macule - ANS small, flat spot or patch on the skin malignancy - ANS state of being malignant melanoma - ANS malignant neoplasm formed from cells that produce melanin metastasis - ANS to spread to distant parts metastatic - ANS pertaining to the character of cells that can metastasize nevus - ANS congenital lesion of the skin papillomavirus - ANS virus that causes warts and is associated with cancer papule - ANS small, circumscribed elevation on the skin verruca - ANS wart cased by a virus candida - ANS a yeast like fungus Candida Albicans - ANS the most common form of candida candidiasis - ANS infection with the yeast like fungus thrush - ANS another name for infection with candida carbuncle - ANS infection of many hair follicles in a small area, often on the back of the neck cellulitis - ANS infection of subcutaneous connective tissue fungus - ANS general term used to describe yeasts of molds impetigo - ANS infection of the skin producing thick, yellow crusts infestation - ANS act of being invaded on the skin by a troublesome other other species, such as a parasite louse - ANS parasitic infection mucocutaneous - ANS junction of skin and mucous membrane (lips) necrotizing fasciitis - ANS inflammation of fascia producing death of the tissue parasite - ANS an organism that attaches itself to, lives on or in, and derives its nutrition from another species parasitic - ANS pertaining to a parasite pediculosis - ANS an infestation with lice scabies - ANS skin disease produced by mites tinea - ANS skin disease produced by mites toxic - ANS pertaining to a toxin dermatomyositis - ANS inflammation of the skin and muscles psoriasis - ANS rash characterized by reddish, silver scaled patches rosacea - ANS persistent erythematous rash of the central face scleroderma - ANS thickening and hardening of the skin due to new collagen formation symptom - ANS departure from normal health experienced by the patient sign - ANS physical evidence of a disease process systemic lupus - ANS inflammatory connective tissue disease erythematosus - ANS affecting the whole body acne - ANS inflammatory disease of sebaceous glands and hair follicles comedo - ANS too much sebum and too many keratin cells block the hair follicle to produce the comedo pustule - ANS small protuberance on the skin containing pus scar - ANS fibrotic seam that forms when a wound heals alopecia - ANS partial or complete loss of hair, naturally cuticle - ANS nonliving epidermis at base of fingernails and toenails onychomycosis - ANS condition of a fungus infection in a nail parocynchia - ANS infection alongside the nail inflammation - ANS a complex of cell and chemical reactions occurring in response to an injury or chemical or biologic agent inflammatory - ANS causing or affected by inflammation scald - ANS burn from contact with hot liquid or steam shock - ANS sudden physical or mental collapse or circulatory collapse allograft - ANS skin graft from another person or cadaver autograft - ANS a graft removed from a patient's own skin cadaver - ANS a dead body or corpse eschar - ANS the burnt, dead tissue lying on top of third degree burns heterograft - ANS a graft from another species homograft - ANS skin graft from another person or cadaver regenerate - ANS reconstitution of a lost part regeneration - ANS the process of reconstitution xenograft - ANS a graft from another species abdominoplasty - ANS surgical removal of excess subcutaneous fat from abdominal wall abrasion - ANS area of skin or mucous membrane that has been scraped off clot - ANS the mass of fibrin and cells that is produced in a wound dermabrasion - ANS removal of upper layers of skin by rotary brush granulation - ANS new fibrous tissue formed during wound healing incision - ANS cut or surgical wound excision - ANS surgical removal of part of all of a structure keloid - ANS raised, irregular, lumpy scar due to excess collagen fiber production during healing of a wound laceration - ANS a tear or jagged wound of the skin caused by blunt trauma; not a cut lipectomy - ANS surgical removal of adipose tissue liposuction - ANS surgical removal of adipose tissue using suction mammoplasty - ANS surgical procedure to change the size or shape of the breast rhinoplasty - ANS surgical procedure to change the size or shape of the nose scab - ANS crust that forms over a wound or sore during healing suture - ANS stitch to hold the edges of a wound together. to stitch the edges of a wound together wound - ANS any injury that interrupts the continuity of skin or a mucous membrane cartilage - ANS nonvascular, firm connective tissue found mostly on joints chiropractic - ANS diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system chiropractor - ANS practitioner of chiropractic detoxification - ANS removing poison from a tissue or substance ligament - ANS band of fibrous tissue or substance musculoskeletal - ANS pertaining to the muscles and the bony skeleton orthopedic - ANS pertaining to the correction and cure of deformities and diseases of the musculoskeletal system; originally, most of the deformities treated were in children orthopedist - ANS specialist in orthopedics osteopath - ANS practitioner of osteopathy osteopathy - ANS medical practice based on maintaining the balance of the body cortex - ANS outer portion of an organ, such as bone cortial - ANS pertaining to a cortex diaphysis - ANS the shaft of a long bone epiphysis - ANS expanded area at the proximal and distal ends of a long bone to provide increased surface area for attachment of ligaments and tendons epiphysial - ANS pertaining to an epiphysis haversian canals - ANS vascular canals in bones marrow - ANS fatty, blood-forming tissue in the cavities of long bones medulla - ANS central portion of a structure surrounded by cortex medullary - ANS pertaining to a medulla periosteum - ANS strong membrane surrounding a bone periosteal - ANS pertaining to the periosteum achondroplasia - ANS condition with abnormal, early conversion of cartilage into bone, leading to dwarfism osteogenesis imperfecta - ANS inherited condition when bone formation is incomplete, leading to fragile, easily broken bones osteomalacia - ANS soft, flexible bones lacking in calcium (rickets) osteomyelitis - ANS inflammation of bone tissue osteopenia - ANS decreased calcification of bone osteoporosis - ANS condition in which the bones become more porous, brittle, and fragile and more likely to fracture rickets - ANS disease due to vitamin D deficiency, producing soft, flexible bones sarcoma - ANS malignant tumor originating in connective tissue osteogenic sarcoma - ANS malignant tumor originating in bone producing cells alignment - ANS having a structure in its correct position relative to others comminuted - ANS a fracture in which the bone is broken into pieces malunion - ANS when the two bony ends of the fracture fail to heal together correctly nonunion - ANS total failing healing of a fracture osteoblast - ANS a bone forming cell osteocyte - ANS a bone-maintaining cell pathologic fracture - ANS fracture occurring at a site already weakened by a disease process, such as cancer reduction - ANS restore a structure to its normal position traction - ANS pulling or dragging force coccyx - ANS small tailbone at the lowest end of the vertebral column kyphosis - ANS a normal posterior curve of the spine kyphotic - ANS pertaining to or suffering from kyphosis lumbar - ANS the region of the back and sides between the ribs and pelvis sacrum - ANS segment of the vertebral column that forms part of the pelvis sacral - ANS pertaining to or in the neighborhood of the sacrum scoliosis - ANS an abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column scoliotic - ANS pertaining to or suffering from scoliosis spine - ANS vertebral column or a short projection from a bone spinal - ANS pertaining to the spine vertebra - ANS one of the bones of the spinal column vertebral - ANS pertaining to a vertebra whiplash - ANS symptoms caused by sudden, uncontrolled extension and flexion of the neck, often in an automobile accident cranium - ANS the upper part of the skull that encloses and protects the brain cranial - ANS pertaining to the skull ethmoid - ANS bone that forms the back of the nose and encloses numerous air cells lacrimal - ANS lacrimal bone forms part of the medical wall of the orbit, or pertaining to tears mandible - ANS lower jawbone mandibular - ANS pertaining to the mandible maxilla - ANS upper jawbone, containing right and left maxillary sinuses occipital - ANS the back of the skull palatine - ANS bone that forms the hard palate and parts of the nose and orbits parietal - ANS the two bones forming the sidewalls and roof of the cranium sphenoid - ANS wedge-shaped bone at the base of the skull temporal - ANS bone that forms part of the base and sides of the skull temporomandibular joint (TMJ) - ANS the joint between the temporal bone and the mandible zygoma - ANS bone that forms the prominence of the cheek zygomatic - ANS pertaining to the cheekbone acromion - ANS lateral end of the scapula, extending over the shoulder joint acromioclavicular - ANS the joint between the acromion and the clavicle articulate - ANS two separate bones have formed a joint articulation - ANS a joint clavicle - ANS curved bone that forms the anterior part of the pectoral girdle clavicular - ANS pertaining to the clavicle dislocation - ANS completely out of joint humerus - ANS single bone of the upper arm scapula - ANS shoulder blade scapular - ANS pertaining to the shoulder blade subluxation - ANS an incomplete dislocation when some contact between the joint surfaces remains capitulum - ANS a small head or rounded extremity of a bone pronation - ANS process of laying face down or of turning a hand or foot with the volar (palm or sole) surface down prone - ANS lying face down, flat on your belly radius - ANS the forearm bone on the thumb side radial - ANS pertaining to the radius or to any of the structures (artery, vein, nerve) named after it Diverging in all directions from any given center supination - ANS process of lying face upward or of turning a hand or foot so that the palm or sole is facing up supine - ANS lying face up, flat on your spine trochlea - ANS smooth articular surface of bone on which another glides trochlear - ANS pertaining to a trochlea ulna - ANS the medial and larger bone of the forearm ulnar - ANS pertaining to the ulna or to any of the structures (artery, vein, nerve) named after it arthiritis - ANS inflammation of a joint or joints carpus - ANS the eight carpal bones of the wrist carpal - ANS pertaining to the wrist metacarpal - ANS the five bones between the carpus and the fingers colles fracture - ANS fracture of the distal radius at the wrist eponym - ANS a procedure or a diagnosis with a name derived from the name of the person who discovered it or originated it heberden node - ANS bony lump on the terminal phalanx of the fingers in osteoarthiritis metacarpophalangeal - ANS the joints between the metacarpal bones and the phalanges osteoarthiritis - ANS chronic inflammatory disease of the joints phalanx - ANS one of the bones of the digits (fingers or toes) rheumatism - ANS pain in various parts of the musculoskeletal system rheumatic - ANS pertaining to or characterized by rheumatism rheumatoid arthritis - ANS systemic disease affecting many joints acetabulum - ANS the cup-shaped cavity of the hip bone that receives the head of the femur to form the hip joint femur - ANS the thigh bone femoral - ANS pertaining to the femur ilium - ANS large wing-shaped bone at the upper and posterior part of the pelvis ischium - ANS lower and posterior part of the hip bone ischial - ANS pertaining to the ischium pelvis - ANS basin-shaped ring of bones, ligaments, and muscles at the base of the spine. Also, any basin-shaped cavity, like the pelvis of the kidney pelvic - ANS pertaining to the pelvis pubis - ANS alternative name for the pubic bone pubic - ANS pertaining to the pubic bone sacroiliac joint - ANS the joint between the sacrum and the ilium symphysis - ANS two bones joined by fibrocartilage; in this case, the two pubic bones arthrodesis - ANS fixation or stiffening of a joint by surgery brace - ANS appliance to support a part of the body in its correct position diastasis - ANS separation of normally joined parts radiology - ANS the study of medical imaging radiologst - ANS medical specialist in the use of X-rays and other imaging techniques arthroplasty - ANS surgery to repair, as far as possible, the function of a joint avascular - ANS without a blood supply labrum - ANS cartilage that forms a rim around the socket of the hip joint prosthetic - ANS pertaining to prosthesis cruciate - ANS shaped like a cross, in this case, the two internal ligaments of the knee joint cross over each other to form an "X" fibula - ANS the smaller of the two bones of the lower leg fibular - ANS pertaining to the fibula meniscus - ANS disc of cartilage between the bones of a joint, in this case, the knee joint patella - ANS thin, circular bone in front of the knee joint, embedded in the patellar tendon tibia - ANS the larger bone of the lower leg tibial - ANS pertaining to the tibia arthrocentesis - ANS aspiration of fluid from a joint arthrography - ANS X-ray of a joint taken after the injection of a contrast medium into the joint arthroscopy - ANS visual examination of the interior of a joint arthroscope - ANS endoscope used to examine the interior of a joint bursa - ANS a closed sac containing synovial fluid bursitis - ANS inflammation of a bursa debridement - ANS the removal of injured or necrotic tissue hyperflexion - ANS flexion of a limb or part beyond the normal limits meniscectomy - ANS excision of all or part of a meniscus prepatellar - ANS in front of the patella rupture - ANS break or tear of any organ or body part bunion - ANS a swelling at the base of the big toe calcaneus - ANS bone of the tarsus calcaneal - ANS pertaining to the calceneus hallux valgus - ANS deviation of the big toe toward metatarsus - ANS the five parallel bones of the foot between the tarsus and the phalanges metatarsal - ANS pertaining to the metatarsal podiatry - ANS the diagnosis and treatment of disorders and injuries of the foot podiatrist - ANS practitioner of podiatry Pott fracture - ANS fracture of the lower end of the fibula, often with fracture of the tibial malleolus talus - ANS the tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia to form the ankle joint tarsus - ANS the collection of seven bones in the foot that form the ankle and instep tarsal - ANS pertaining to the tarsus atrophy - ANS the wasting away or diminished volume of tissue, an organ, or a body part contract - ANS draw together or shorten fascia - ANS sheet of fibrous connective tissue fiber - ANS a strand or filament multidisciplinary - ANS involving health care providers from more than one profession muscle - ANS a tissue of cells that can contract skeletal - ANS pertaining to the skeleton tone - ANS tension present in resting muscles voluntary - ANS muscle that is under the control of the will Duchenne muscular dystrophy - ANS a condition with symmetrical weakness and wasting of pelvic, shoulder, and proximal limb weakness myoglobin - ANS pain in the muscle fibers rhabdomyolisis - ANS destruction of muscle that stores and transports oxygen sprain - ANS a wrench or tear in a ligament strain - ANS overstretch or tear in a muscle or tendon tendon - ANS fibrous band that connects muscle to bone tendonitis - ANS inflammation of a tendon tenosynovitis - ANS inflammation of a tendon and its surrounding synovial sheath thymectomy - ANS surgical removal of the thymus gland ambulatory - ANS surgery or any other care provided without an overnight stay in a medical facility insertion - ANS the insertion of a muscle is the attachment of a muscle to a more movable part of the skeleton, as distinct from the original origin - ANS fixed source of a muscle at its attachment to bone pectoral - ANS pertaining to the chest pectoral girdle - ANS incomplete bony ring that attaches the upper limb to the axial skeleton rotator cuff - ANS part of the capsule of the shoulder joint biceps brachili - ANS a muscle of the arm that has two heads or points of origin on the scapula brachialis - ANS muscle that lies underneath the biceps and is the strongest flexor of the forearm brachioradialis - ANS muscle that helps flex the forearm cyst - ANS an abnormal, fluid-containing sac deltoid - ANS large, fan-shaped muscle connecting the scapula and clavicle to the humerus dorsum - ANS the back of any part of the body, including the hand dorsal - ANS pertaining to the back of any part of the body ventral - ANS pertaining to the belly or situated nearer to the surface of the belly ganglion - ANS fluid-containing swelling attached to the synovial sheath of a tendon latissimus dorsi - ANS the widest muscle in the back stenosis - ANS narrowing of a passage thenar eminence - ANS the fleshy mass at the base of the thumb hypothenar eminence - ANS the fleshy mass at the base of the little finger triceps brachii - ANS muscle of the arm that has three heads or points of origin abduction - ANS action of moving away from the midline adductor - ANS muscle that moves the thigh toward the midline adduction - ANS action of moving toward the midline calcaneal tendon - ANS a tendon formed gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and inserted into the calcaneud (AKA achilles tendon) gastrocnemius - ANS major muscle in the back of the lower leg (the calf) gluteus - ANS refers to one of three muscles in the buttocks gluteal - ANS pertaining to the buttocks maximus - ANS the gluteus maximus muscle is the largest muscle in the body, covering a large part of each buttock medius - ANS the gluteus medius muscle is partly covered by the gluteus maximus minimus - ANS the gluteus minimus is the smallest of the gluteal muscles and lies under the gluteus medius popliteal fossa - ANS the hollow at the back of the knee quadriceps femoris - ANS an anterior thigh muscle with four heads assistive device - ANS tool, software, or hardware to assist in performing daily activities occupational therapy - ANS use of work and recreational activities to increase independent function orthotic - ANS orthopedic appliance to correct an abnormality orthotist - ANS maker and fitter of orthopedic appliances physiatry - ANS physical medicine physiatrist - ANS specialist in physical medicine physical medicine - ANS diagnosis and treatment by means of remedial agents, such as exercises, manipulation, heat, etc. physical therapy (AKA physiotherapy) - ANS use of remedial processes to overcome a physical defect rehabilitation - ANS therapeutic restoration of an ability to function as before therapy - ANS systematic treatment of a disease, dysfunction, or disorder therapeutic - ANS relating to the treatment of a disease or disorder therapist - ANS professional trained in the practice of a particular therapy contracture - ANS muscle shortening due to spasm or fibrosis prevention - ANS process to prevent occurrence of a disease or health problem prothesis - ANS an artificial part to remedy a defect in the body restorative rehabilitaion - ANS therapy that promotes renewal of health and strength cardiologist - ANS medical specialist in the diagnosis and treatment of the heart cardiology - ANS medical specialty dealing with disorders of the heart cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) - ANS the attempt to restore cardiac and pulmonary function cardiovascular - ANS pertaining to the heart and blood vessels diaphoresis - ANS sweat, perspiration, or sweaty diaphoretic - ANS pertaining to sweat or perspiration electrocardiogram (EKG) - ANS record of the electrical signals of the heart electrocardiograph - ANS machine that makes the EKG electrocardiography - ANS the method of recording and the interpretation of EKGs electrode - ANS a device for conducting electricity mediastinum - ANS area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae, esophagus, and trachea phlebotomist - ANS person skilled in taking blood from veins phlebotomy - ANS taking blood from a vein sternum - ANS long, flat bone forming the center of the anterior wall of the chest -Latin: the chest thoracic cavity - ANS space within the chest containing the lungs, heart, esophagus, aorta, venae cavae, and pulmonary vessels -Cavity, Latin: hollow aorta - ANS main trunk of the systemic arterial system -Greek: lift up aortic - ANS pertaining to the aorta coronary circulation - ANS blood vessels supplying the heart muscle endocardium - ANS the inside lining of the heart endocardial - ANS pertaining to endocardium epicardium - ANS the outer layer of the heart wall epicardial - ANS pertaining to epicardium infarct - ANS area of cell death resulting from an infarction infarction - ANS sudden blockage of an artery ischemia - ANS lack of blood supply to a tissue ischemic - ANS pertaining to or affected by the lack of blood supply to a tissue myocardium - ANS all of the heart muscle myocardial - ANS pertaining to heart muscle necrosis - ANS pathologic death of cells or tissue necrotic - ANS pertaining to or affected by necrosis (death) pericardium - ANS a double layer of membranes surrounding the heart pericardial - ANS pertaining to the pericardium pulmonary - ANS pertaining to the lungs and their blood supply atrium - ANS chamber where the blood enters the heart atrial - ANS pertaining to the atrium bicuspid - ANS having two points, a bicuspid heart valve has two flaps interatrial - ANS between the atria of the heart interventricular (IV) - ANS between the ventricles of the heart mitral - ANS shaped like the headdress of a catholic bishop -Latin: turban septum - ANS a thin wall dividing two cavities -Latin: partition tricuspid - ANS having three points, a tricuspid heart valve has three flaps ventricle - ANS chamber of the heart (pumps blood) or a cavity in the brain (produces cerebrospinal fluid) -Latin: small belly arrhythmia - ANS condition where the heart rhythm is abnormal atrioventricular (AV) - ANS pertaining to both the atrium and the ventricle diastole - ANS dilation of heart cavities during which they fill with blood -Greek: dilation diastolic - ANS pertaining to diastole dysrhythmia - ANS an abnormal heart rhythm murmur - ANS abnormal heart sound heard with a stethoscope when a valve closes or opens abnormally -Latin: low voice sinoatrial (SA) node - ANS the center of modified cardiac muscle fibers in the wall of the right atrium that acts as the pacemaker for the heart rhythm sinus rhythm - ANS the normal heart rhythm arising from the SA node systole - ANS contraction of the heart muscle -Greek: contraction systolic - ANS pertaining to systole vital signs - ANS a procedure during a physical examination in which temp, pulse, respirations, and blood pressure are measured to assess general health and cardiorespiratory function -vital, Latin: life -signs, Latin: mark cardiomyopathy - ANS disease of the heart muscle cardioversion - ANS restoration of a normal heart rhythm by electric shock defibrillation - ANS restoration of uncontrolled twitching of cardiac muscle fibers to normal rhythm defibrillator - ANS instrument for defibrillation fibrillation - ANS uncontrolled twitching of cardiac muscle pacemaker - ANS device that regulates cardiac electrical activity palpitation - ANS forcible, rapid beat of the heart felt by the patient cardiomegaly - ANS enlargement of the heart cor pulmonale - ANS right-sided heart failure arising from chronic lung disease endocarditis - ANS inflammation of the lining of the heart exudate - ANS fluid that has passed out of a tissue or capillaries as a result of inflammation or injury incompetence - ANS failure of a valve to close completely insufficiency - ANS lack of completeness of function myocarditis - ANS inflammation of the heart muscle pericarditis - ANS inflammation of the covering of the heart prolapse - ANS an organ slips out of its normal position -Latin: a falling regurgitate - ANS to flow backward tamponade - ANS pathologic compression of an organ anoxia - ANS without oxygen anoxic - ANS pertaining to or suffering from lack of oxygen arteriosclerosis - ANS hardening of the arteries arteriosclerotic - ANS pertaining to or suffering from arteriosclerosis asystole - ANS absence of contractions of the heart atheroma - ANS fatty deposit in the lining of an artery (plaque) atherectomy - ANS surgical removal of the atheroma atherosclerosis - ANS hardening of the arteries due to atheroma cardiogenic - ANS of cardiac origin hypovolemic - ANS decreased blood volume in the body hypovolemia - ANS pertaining to decreased blood volume in the body occlude - ANS to close, plug, or completely obstruct -Latin: to close occlusion - ANS a complete obstruction substernal - ANS under the sternum coarctation - ANS constriction, stenosis, particularly of the aorta congenital - ANS present at birth hypertension - ANS persistent high arterial blood pressure hypotension - ANS persistent low arterial blood pressure patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) - ANS an open direct channel between the aorta and the pulmonary artery in the newborn tetralogy of Fallot - ANS set of four congenital heart defects occurring together -Etienne-Louis Fallot, french physician, angioplasty - ANS recanalization of a blood vessel by surgery catheter - ANS hollow tube to allow passage of fluid into or out of a body cavity, organ, or vessel -Greek: to send down catheterize - ANS to introduce a catheter catheterization - ANS introduction of a catheter echocardiography - ANS ultrasound recording of heart function lipoprotein - ANS bonding of molecules of fat and protein percutaneous - ANS passage through the skin stent - ANS wire mesh tube used to keep arteries open -Charles Stent, english dentist, 19th century thrombus - ANS a clot attached to a diseased blood vessel or heart lining -Latin: clot thrombolytic - ANS able to dissolve or break up a blood clot thrombolysis - ANS dissolving of a thrombus triglyceride - ANS lipid containing three fatty acids artery - ANS thick walled blood vessel carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart -Greek: artery claudication - ANS intermittent leg pain and limping Doppler - ANS diagnostic instrument that sends an ultrasonic beam into the body -Johann Doppler, austrian mathematician and physician, hemodynamics - ANS the science of the blood flow through the circulation S) -ics (knowledge) R/CF) hem/o- (blood) R) -dynam- (power) vein - ANS blood vessel carrying blood toward the heart -Latin: Vein venous - ANS pertaining to a vein venogram - ANS radiograph of veins after injection of radiopeque contrast material varix - ANS dilated, tortuous vein -Latin: dilated vein varicose - ANS characterized by or affected with varices arteriole - ANS small terminal artery leading into the capillary network brachial - ANS pertaining to the arm capillary - ANS minute blood vessel between the arterial and venous systems diffuse - ANS to disseminate or spread out -Latin: to pull in different directions homeostasis - ANS maintaining the stability of the body's internal environment or a system palpate - ANS to examine with fingers and hands -Latin: touch, stroke palpation - ANS examination with fingers and hands sphygmomanometer - ANS instrument for measuring arterial blood pressure stethoscope - ANS instrument for listening to respiratory and cardiac sounds vena cava - ANS one of the two largest veins in the body venule - ANS small vein leading from the capillary network collateral - ANS situated at the side, often to bypass an obstruction edema - ANS excessive accumulation of fluid in cells and tissues Greek: swelling edematous - ANS pertaining to edema endarterectomy - ANS surgical removal of plaque from an artery phlebitis - ANS inflammation of a vein sclerotherapy - ANS injection of a solution into a vein to thrombose it sclerose - ANS to harden or thicken thromboembolism - ANS a piece of detached blood clot blocking a distant blood vessel thrombophlebitis - ANS inflammation of a vein with a clot formation allergist - ANS Specialist in hypersensitivity reaction anemia - ANS Decreased number of red blood cells anemic - ANS Pertaining to or suffering from anemia colloid - ANS Liquid containing suspended particles hematocrit (Hct) - ANS Percentage of red blood cells in the blood hematology - ANS Medical speciality of the blood and its disorders hematologist - ANS Specialsist in hematology matrix - ANS Substance that surrounds and protects cells, is manufactured by the cells, and holds them together Latin: mater = mother nutrient - ANS Constituent of food necessary for the body to function normally Latin: to nourish nutrition - ANS The study of food and liquid requirements for normal function of the human body nutritionist - ANS A person who specialized in the study of food and liquid requirements for normal function of the human body plasma - ANS Fluid, noncellular component of blood Greek: something formed platelet - ANS Small particle involved in the clotting process (also called thrombocyte) serum - ANS Fluid remaining after removal of blood cells and the formation of a clot Latin: whey vitamin - ANS Essential organic substance necessary in small amounts for normal cell function agglutinate - ANS Stick together to form clumps aplastic anemia - ANS Condition in which the bone marrow is unable to produce sufficient red cells, white cells, and platelets erythrocyte - ANS Red blood cell (RBC) heme - ANS The iron-based components of hemoglobin that carries oxygen Greek: blood hemoglobin - ANS The iron-based component of blood that carries oxygen oxyhemoglobin - ANS Combination of hemoglobin and oxygen hemoglobinopathy - ANS Disease caused by the presence of an abnormal hemoglobin in red blood cells hemolysis - ANS Destruction of red blood cells so that hemoglobin is liberated hemolytic - ANS Pertaining to the destruction of red blood cells hypoxia - ANS Below-normal levels of oxygen in tissues, gasses, or blood pallor - ANS Paleness of the skin Latin: paleness pernicious anemia - ANS Chronic anemia due to lack of vitamin B12 trait - ANS A discrete characteristic that has a known quality Latin: an extension agranulocyte - ANS A white blood cell without any granules in its cytoplasm basophil - ANS A basophil's granules attract a rosy-red color on staining eosinophil - ANS An eosinophil's granules attract a rosy-red color on staining granulocyte - ANS A white blood cell that contains multiple small granules in its cytoplasm leukemia - ANS Disease when the blood is taken over by white blood cells and their precursors leukemic - ANS Pertaining to or affected by leukemia leukocyte (leucocyte) - ANS Another term for a white blood cell leukocytosis - ANS An excessive number of white blood cells leukopenia - ANS A deficient number of white blood cells lymphocyte - ANS Small white blood cell with a large nucleus monocyte - ANS Large white blood cell with a single nucleus mononucleosis - ANS Presence of large numbers of specific, diagnostic mononuclear leukocytes neutrophil - ANS Neutrophils' granules take up purple stain equally, whether the stain is acid or alkaline neutropenia - ANS A deficiency of neutrophils neutrophilia - ANS An increase in neutrophils pancytopenia - ANS Deficiency of all types of blood cells polymorphonuclear - ANS White blood cell with a multi lobed nucleus coagulant - ANS Substance that causes clotting coagulation - ANS Process of blood clotting anticoagulant - ANS Substance that prevents clotting embolus - ANS Detached piece of thrombus, a mass of bacteria, quantity of air, or foreign body that blocks a blood vessel Greek: plug, stopper fibrin - ANS Stringy protein fiber that is a component of a blood clot Latin: fiber fibroblast - ANS Cell that forms collagen fibers hematoma - ANS Collection of blood that has escaped from vessels into surrounding tissues hemophilia - ANS An inherited disease from a deficiency of clotting factor VIII hemostasis - ANS Control of or stopping bleeding petechia - ANS Pinpoint capillary hemorrhagic spot in the skin Latin: spot on the skin prothrombin - ANS Protein formed by the liver and converted to thrombin in the blood-clotting mechanism purpura - ANS Skin hemorrhages that are red initially and then turn purple Greek: purple thrombocyte - ANS Another name for a platelet thrombocytopenia - ANS Deficiency of platelets in circulation blood von Willebrand - ANS E.A. Willebrand, Finnish physician, agglutination - ANS Process by which cells or other particles adhere to each other to form clumps antibody - ANS Protein produced in response to an antigen antigen - ANS Substance capable of triggering an immune response autologous - ANS Blood transfusion with the same person as donor and recipient = self-transfusion infusion - ANS Introduction intravenously of a substance other than blood transfusion - ANS Transfer of blood or a blood component from donor to recipient erythroblastosis fetalis - ANS Erythroblastosis fetalis is a hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) incompatible - ANS Substances that interfere with each other physiologically maternal - ANS Pertaining to or derived from the mother miscarriage - ANS Spontaneous expulsion of the products of pregnancy before fetal viability -carriage = Old English: to carry spherocyte - ANS A spherical cell spherocytosis - ANS Presence of spherocytes in blood allergen - ANS Substance creating a hypersensitivity (allergic) reaction allergic - ANS Pertaining to or suffering from an allergy allergy - ANS Hypersensitivity to a particular allergen lymph - ANS A clear fluid collected from tissues and transported by lymph vessels to the venous circulation Latin: clear, spring water lymphatic - ANS Pertaining to lymph or the lymphatic system lymphoid - ANS Resembling lymphatic tissue node - ANS A circumscribed mass of tissue Latin: a knot pathogen - ANS A disease-causing microorganism spleen - ANS Vascular, lymphatic organ in left upper quadrant of abdomen Greek: spleen tonsil - ANS Mass of lymphoid tissue on either side of the throat at the back of the tongue Latin: tonsil immune - ANS Protected from an infectious disease Latin: protected from immunity - ANS State of being protected immunology - ANS The science and practice of immunity and allergy immunologist - ANS Medical specialist in immunology immunize - ANS Make resistant to an infectious disease immunization - ANS Administration of an agent to provide immunity interstitial - ANS Pertaining to spaces between cells in a tissue or organ adenoidectomy - ANS Surgical removal of the adenoid tissue bacterium - ANS A unicellular, simple, microscopic organism Greek: a staff follicle - ANS Spherical mass of cells containing a cavity; or a small cul-de-sac, such as a hair follicle immunoglobulin - ANS Specific protein evoked by an antigen. All antibodies are immunoglobulins splenectomy - ANS Surgical removal of the spleen splenomegaly - ANS Enlarged spleen hypersplenism - ANS Condition in which the spleen removes blood components at an excessive rate inguinal - ANS Pertaining to the groin lymphadenectomy - ANS Surgical excision of a lymph node(s) lymphadenitis - ANS Inflammation of a lymph node(s) lymphadenopathy - ANS Any disease process affecting a lymph node(s) lymphangiogram - ANS Radiographic images of lymph vessels and nodes following injection of contrast material lymphedema - ANS Tissue swelling due to lymphatic obstruction lymphoma - ANS Any neoplasm of lymphatic tissue Hodgkin - ANS Hodgkin lymphoma is marked by a chronic enlargement of lymph nodes spreading to other nodes in an orderly way Thomas Hodgkin, British physician, neoplasm - ANS A new growth, either a benign or malignant tumor neoplastic - ANS Pertaining to a neoplasm neoplasia - ANS Process that results in formation of a tumor antecubital - ANS In front of the elbow autoimmune - ANS Immune reaction directed against a person's own tissue discrimination - ANS Ability to distinguish between different things mutation - ANS Change in the chemistry of a gene Latin: to change specific - ANS Relating to a particular entity specificity - ANS State of having a specific, fixed relation to a particular entity toxin - ANS Poisonous substance formed by a cell or organism Greek: poison toxicity - ANS The state of being poisonous attenuate - ANS Weaken the ability of an organism to produce disease attenuated - ANS Weakened complement - ANS Group of proteins in serum that finish off the work of antibodies to destroy bacteria and other cells Latin: that which completes humoral immunity - ANS Defense mechanism arising from antibodies in the blood vaccinate - ANS To administer a vaccine vaccination - ANS Administration of a vaccine vaccine - ANS Preparation to generate active immunity Latin: related to a cow alloimmune - ANS Immune reaction directed against foreign tissue anaphylaxis - ANS Immediate severe allergic response anaphylactic - ANS Pertaining to anaphylaxis asthma - ANS Episodes of breathing difficulty due to narrowed or obstructed airways Greek: asthma asthmatic - ANS Suffering from or pertaining to asthma dormant - ANS Inactive histamine - ANS Compound liberated in tissues as a result of injury or an immune response antihistamine - ANS Drug used to treat allergic symptoms because of its action antagonistic to histamine hypersensitivity - ANS Exaggerated abnormal reaction to an allergen immunodeficiency - ANS Failure of the immune system immunosuppression - ANS Failure of the immune system caused by an outside agent incubation - ANS Process to develop an infection Kaposi sarcoma - ANS A skin cancer often seen in AIDS patients Moritz Kaposi, Hungarian dermatologist, opportunistic - ANS An organism or a disease in a host with lowered resistance retrovirus - ANS Virus with an RNA core urticaria - ANS Rash of itchy wheals (hives) Latin: nettle endemic - ANS Pertaining to a disease always present in a community epidemic - ANS Pertaining to an outbreak in a community of ideas or a health-related behavior pandemic - ANS Pertaining to a disease attacking the population of a very large area flora - ANS Microorganisms covering the exterior and interior surfaces of a healthy animal Latin: flower infect - ANS To invade an organism by a microorganism Latin: invade internally infection - ANS Invasion of the body by a disease-producing microorganisms infectious - ANS Capable of being transmitted to a person; or a disease caused by the action of a microorganism microbe - ANS Short for microorganism microorganism - ANS Any organism too small to be seen by the naked eye microscope - ANS Instrument for viewing something small that cannot be seen in detail by the naked eye microscopic - ANS Visible only with the aid of a microscope microscopy - ANS Investigation of minute objects through a microscope nosocomial - ANS Acquired while in the hospital alveolus - ANS Terminal element of respiratory tract where gas exchange occurs Latin: hollow sac alveolar - ANS Pertaining to the alveoli bronchus - ANS One of two subdivisions of the trachea Greek: windpipe bronchiole - ANS Increasingly smaller subdivisions of bronchi cillium - ANS Hairlike motile projection from the surface of a cell Latin: eyelash expiration - ANS Breathe out inspiration - ANS Breathe in olfaction - ANS Sense of smell olfactory - ANS Relating to the sense of smell oxygen - ANS The gas essential for life pharynx - ANS Tube from the back of the nose to the larynx. Greek: throat pharyngeal - ANS Pertaining to the pharynx pulmonology - ANS Study of the lungs, or the medical specialty of disorders of the lungs pulmonolgist - ANS Specialist in treating disorders of the lungs rale - ANS Crackle heard through a stethoscope when air bubbles through liquid in the lungs French: rattle respiration - ANS Process of breathing; fundamental process of life used to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide respirator - ANS Another name for ventilator respiratory - ANS Pertaining to respiration sputum - ANS Matter coughed up and spat out by individuals with respiratory disorders Latin: to spit trachea - ANS Air tube from the larynx to the bronchi Greek: windpipe trachealis - ANS Pertaining to the trachea decongestant - ANS Agent that reduces the swelling and fluid in the nose and sinuses epistaxis - ANS Nosebleed naris - ANS Nostril nasal - ANS Pertaining to the nose palate - ANS Roof of the mouth, floor of the nose Latin: palate paranasal - ANS Adjacent to the nose polyp - ANS Any mass of tissue that projects outward Latin: many feet rhinitis - ANS Acute inflammation of the nasal mucosa (also called coryza) sinus - ANS Cavity or hollow space in a bone or other tissue Latin: cavity sinusitis - ANS Inflammation of the lining of a sinus apnea - ANS Absence of spontaneous respiration hypoxemia - ANS Low oxygen level in arterial blood hypoxic - ANS Deficient in oxygen laryngopharynx - ANS Region of the pharynx below the epiglottis that includes the larynx oropharynx - ANS Region at the back of the mouth between the soft palate and the tip of the epiglottis oropharyngeal - ANS Pertaining to the oropharynx pharyngitis - ANS Inflammation of the pharynx polysomnography - ANS Test to monitor brain waves, muscle tension, eye movement, and oxygen levels in the blood as the patient sleeps tonsillitis - ANS Inflammation of the tonsils tonsillectomy - ANS Surgical removal of the tonsils croup - ANS Infection of the upper airways in children characterized by a barking cough Old English: to cry out loud (also called laryngotracheobronchitis) epiglottis - ANS Leaf-shaped plate of cartilage that shuts off the larynx during swallowing epiglottitis - ANS Inflammation of the epiglottis glottis - ANS The opening from the oropharnyx into the larynx Greek: opening of the larynx intubation - ANS Insertion of a tube into the trachea laryngotracheobronchitis - ANS Inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi larynx - ANS Organ of sound production Greek: larynx laryngeal - ANS Pertaining to the larynx laryngitis - ANS Inflammation of the larynx laryngoscope - ANS Hollow tube with a light and camera used to visualize or operate on the larynx papilla - ANS Any small projection Latin: small pimple papilloma - ANS Benign projection of epithelial cells stridor - ANS High-pitched noise made when there is a respiratory obstruction in the larynx or trachea Latin: a harsh, creaking sound vocal - ANS Pertaining to the voice diaphragmatic - ANS Pertaining to the diaphragm fissure - ANS Deep furrow or cleft lobe - ANS Subdivision of an organ or other part Greek: lobe lobar - ANS Pertaining to a lobe lobectomy - ANS Surgical removal of a lobe mediastinal - ANS Pertaining to the mediastinum pleura - ANS Membrane covering the lungs and lining the ribs in the thoracic cavity Greek: rib pleural - ANS Pertaining to the pleura pleurisy - ANS Inflammation of the pleura bradypnea - ANS Slow breathing cyanosis - ANS Blue discoloration of the skin, lips, and nail beds due to low levels of oxygen in the blood cyanotic - ANS Pertaining to or marked by cyanosis dyspnea - ANS Difficult breathing eupnea - ANS Normal breathing exhale - ANS Breathe out expectorate - ANS Cough up and spit out of mucus from the respiratory tract hemoptysis - ANS Bloody sputum hyperpnea - ANS Deeper and more rapid breathing than normal inhale - ANS Breathe in phlegm - ANS Abnormal amounts of music expectorated from the respiratory tract Greek: flame tachypnea - ANS Rapid breathing auscultation - ANS Diagnostic method of listening to body sounds with a stethoscope bronchiectasis - ANS Chronic dilation of the bronchi following inflammatory disease and obstruction bronchiolitis - ANS Inflammation of the small bronchioles bronchitis - ANS Inflammation of the bronchi bronchoconstriction - ANS Reduction in diameter of a bronchus bulla - ANS Bubble-like dilated structure Latin: bubble cystic fibrosis - ANS Genetic disease in which excessive viscid mucus obstructs passages, including bronchi emphysema - ANS Dilation of respiratory bronchioles and alveoli hypercapnia - ANS Abnormal increase of carbon dioxide in the arterial bloodstream hypersecretion - ANS Excessive secretion of mucus (or enzymes or waste products) rhonchus - ANS Wheezing sound heard on auscultation of the lungs; made by air passing through a constricted lumen Greek: snoring viscosity - ANS The resistance of a fluid to flow viscous - ANS Stick fluid that is resistant to flow adenocarcinoma - ANS A cancer arising from glandular epithelial cells anthracosis - ANS Lung disease caused by the inhalation of coal dust anthrax - ANS A severe, malignant infectious disease Greek: carbuncle asbestosis - ANS Lung disease caused by the inhalation of asbestos particles aspiration - ANS Removal by suction of fluid or gas from a body cavity atelectasis - ANS Collapse of part of a lung bronchogenic - ANS Arising from a bronchus bronchopneumonia - ANS Acute inflammation of the walls of smaller bronchioles with spread to lung parenchyma empyema - ANS Pus in a body cavity, particularly in the pleural cavity hemothorax - ANS Blood in the pleural cavity pneumoconiosis - ANS Fibrotic lung disease caused by the inhalation of different dusts pneumonia - ANS Inflammation of the lung parenchyma (tissue) pneumonitis - ANS Same as pneumonia pneumothorax - ANS Air in the pleural cavity sarcoidosis - ANS Granulomatous lesions of the lungs and other organs; cause is unknown silicosis - ANS Fibrotic lung disease from inhaling silica particles thoracentesis - ANS Insertion of a needle into the pleural cavity to withdraw fluid or air tuberculosis - ANS Infectious disease that can infect any organ or tissue bronchoscopy - ANS Examination of the interior of the tracheobronchial tree with an endoscope bronchoscope - ANS Endoscope use for bronchoscopy endotracheal - ANS Pertaining to being inside the trachea mediastinoscopy - ANS Examination of the mediastinum using an endoscope spirometer - ANS An instrument used to measure respiratory volumes spirometry - ANS Use of a spirometer thoracotomy - ANS Incision through the chest wall tomography - ANS Radiographic image of a selected slice of tissue transthoracic - ANS Going through the chest wall ultrasonography - ANS Delineation of deep structures using sound waves bronchodilator - ANS Agent that increases the diameter of a bronchus cannula - ANS Tube inserted into a blood vessel or cavity as a channel for fluid or gas Latin: reed mucolytic - ANS Agent capable of dissolving or liquefying mucus nebulizer - ANS Device used to deliver liquid medicine in a fine mist pneumonectomy - ANS Surgical removal of a lung resection - ANS Removal of a specific part of an organ or structure tracheostomy - ANS Insertion of a tube into the windpipe to assist breathing tracheotomy - ANS Incision made into the trachea to create a tracheostomy ventilation - ANS Movement of gasses into and out of the lungs ventilator - ANS Device that breathes for the patient electroencephalogram - ANS Record of the electrical activity of the brain electroencephalograph - ANS Device used to record the electrical activity of the brain electroencephalography - ANS The process of recording the electrical activity of the brain electroneurodiagnostic - ANS Pertaining to the use of electricity in the diagnosis of a neurologic disorder epilepsy - ANS Chronic brain disorder due to paroxysmal excessive neuronal discharges Greek: seizure epileptic - ANS Pertaining to or suffering form epilepsy motor - ANS Structures of the nervous system that send impulses out to cause muscles to contract or glands to secrete Latin: to move nerve - ANS A cord of nerve fibers bound together by connective tissue Latin: nerve nervous system - ANS The whole, integrated nerve apparatus system = Greek: an organized whole neurology - ANS Medical speciality of disorders of the nervous system neurologist - ANS Medical specialist in disorders of the nervous system neurologic - ANS Pertaining to the nervous system neurosurgeon - ANS One who operates on the nervous system neurosurgery - ANS Operating on the nervous system sensory - ANS Pertaining to sensation; structures of the nervous system that carry impulses to the brain afferent - ANS Moving toward a center; for example, nerve fibers conducting imposes to the spinal cord and brain. (also called sensory) Latin: to bring to autonomic - ANS Self-governing visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system axon - ANS Single process of a nerve cell carrying nervous implies away from the cell body Greek: axis dendrite - ANS Branched extension of the nerve cell body that receives nervous stimuli Greek: looking like a tree efferent - ANS Moving away from a center; for example, conducting nerve impulses away from the brain or spinal cord. (also called motor) Latin: to bring away from glia - ANS Connective tissue that holds a structure together Greek: glue glial - ANS Pertaining to glia or neuroglia neuroglia - ANS Connective tissue holding nervous tissue together myelin - ANS Material of the sheath around the axon of a nerve neuron - ANS Technical term for a nerve cell; consists of cell body with its dendrites and axons Greek: nerve neurotransmitter - ANS Chemical agent that relays messages from one nerve cell to the next parasympathetic (Note: this term contains two prefixes) - ANS Division of the autonomic nervous system; has opposite effects to the sympathetic division somatic - ANS A division of the peripheral nervous system serving the skeletal muscles sympathetic - ANS Division of the autonomic nervous system operating at the unconscious level synapse - ANS Junction between two nerve cells, or a nerve fiber and its target cell, where electrical impulses are transmitted between the cells visceral - ANS Pertaining to the internal organs Latin: an internal organ viscus - ANS Any single internal organ cerebellum - ANS The most posterior area of the brain located between the midbrain and the cerebral hemispheres cerebrospinal - ANS Pertaining to the brain and the spinal cord cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) - ANS Fluid formed in the ventricles of the brain; surrounds the brain and spinal cord cerebrum - ANS Cerebral hemispheres Latin: brain cerebral - ANS Pertaining to the cerebral hemispheres or the brain corpus callosum - ANS Bridge of nerve fibers connecting the two cerebral hemispheres frontal lobe - ANS Front area of the cerebral hemisphere gyrus - ANS Rounded elevation on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres Greek: circle occipital lobe - ANS Posterior area of the cerebral hemisphere parietal lobe - ANS Area of the brain under the parietal bone sulcus - ANS Groove on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres that separates gyri Latin: furrow, ditch temporal lobe - ANS Posterior two-thirds of the cerebral hemispheres thalamus - ANS Mass of gray matter under the ventricle in each cerebral hemisphere Greek: inner room arachnoid mater - ANS Weblike middle layer of the three meninges dura mater - ANS Hard, fibrous outer layer of the meninges epidural - ANS Above the dura epidural space