PNS & ANS Multiple Choice Questions fully solved & updated

True or False: Somatic and visceral reflex arcs are similar, but visceral reflex arcs lack afferent fibers (visceral sensory neurons) - answer-False True or False: The parasympathetic division innervates more organs than the sympathetic division. - answer-False True or False: The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition, depending on the division that is active and the target that is affected. - answer-True True or False: All visceral organs receive dual innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS. - answer-False True or False: Thermoregulatory responses to increased heat are mediated by the parasympathetic nervous division. - answer-False True or False: Acetylcholine is released by all somatic motor neurons, all preganglionic neurons of the ANS and by the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers. - answer-True True or False: The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS have the same effect on most body organ systems. - answer-False True or False: The ANS stimulates smooth muscles, skeletal muscles and glands, whereas the somatic nervous system innervates skeletal muscles only. - answer-False True or False: The vasomotor tone of blood vessels is mostly under sympathetic control. - answer-True A synonym for the autonomic nervous system reflects its major function. The synonym is: a. the PNS b. CNS c. the involuntary Nervous system d. the somatic nervous system - answer-C Regulation of heart rate at low normal levels is achieved by the: a. Parasympathetic division b. Sympathetic division c. Somatic division d. both A and B - answer-A How is it possible that norepinephrine can cause vasoconstriction in one location but vasodilation in another? a. Sometimes norepinephrine is released by the parasympatetic nervous system, which causes relaxtion b. Receptor types differ in these tissues c. Norepinephrine is not released by the parasympathetic nervous sytem d. It can't; its actions are predictable no matter the tissue - answer-B Which area of the body receives no innervation by the parasympathetic nervous system? a. Heart b. Lung Bronchioles c. Bladder d. Sweat Glands - answer-D The sympathetic division is involved in which of the following processes? a. Regulating blood pressure b. Increasing Glucose Metabolism c. Decreasing Urinary Output d. All of the Above - answer-D At the top of the autonomic nervous system hierarchy, the ______ controls most of the autonomic nervous system functions via the reticular formation. a. Thalamus b. Hypothalamus c. Limbic System d. Pituitary gland - answer-B Preganglionic axons are: a. heavily myelinated b. lightly myelinated c. nonmyelinated d. lightly myelinated and nonmyelinated - answer-B Norepinephrine is secreted by: a. some axons of the voluntary nervous system b. some axons of the parasympathetic nervous system c. some axon of the sympathetic nervous system d. both a and b - answer-C Which of the following statements about the ANS is FALSE? a. The cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons are in the CNS. b. the autonomic ganglia are in the PNS c. The autonomic ganglia contain motor neurons only. d. the presynaptic axons extend to the effectors - answer-D Which of the following statements is true of the parasympathetic nervous system? a. the preganglionic fibers are shorter than the postganglionic fibers b. the fibers emerge from the brain and sacral portion of the spinal cord c. The ganglia lie close to the spinal cord. d. All of the above statements are true - answer-B Which of the following is FALSE in regard to the sympathetic nervous system? a. The preganglionic neuron cell bodies are found in the CNS b. The postganglionic neurons are in the PNS c. Some preganglionic fibers travel to the adrenal medulla d. The ganglia are close to the effectors - answer-D Which receptors are stimulated by epinephrine? a. Nicotinic b. Muscarinic c. Adrenergic d. Cholinergic - answer-C Muscarinic receptors differ from nicotinic receptors in that: a. they are always excitatory b. the respond to acetylcholine c. they can be inhibitory d. they are found in the voluntary nervous system - answer-C The parasympathetic nervous system is more active when we are: a. at rest b. digesting food c. exercising d. both a and b are correct - answer-D The parasympathetic nervous system shares control with the sympathetic nervous system over all of the following EXCEPT the: a. heart b. respiratory system c. salivary glands d. blood vessels - answer-D Cardiac and vasomotor reflex centers are found in the: a. midbrain b. thalamus c. hypothalamus d. medulla oblongata - answer-D When a neurotransmitter like acetylcholine is acting in an excitatory manner which of the following is likely a result of the acetylcholine acting on the postsynaptic cell? a. Chemically gated sodium channels will open b. Chemically gated chloride channels will open c. Chemically gated potassium channels will open d. Chemically gated sodium channels will be closed - answer-A When a neurotransmitter like GABA is acting in an inhibitory manner which of the following is likely a result of the GABA acting on the postsynaptic cell? a. depolarization of the postsynaptic cell membrane b. hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic cell membrane c. opening of chemically gated sodium channels d. influx of positively charged ions in the postsynaptic cell - answer-B The effect of acetylcholine can be stimulating or inhibiting. Which of the following gives the best explanation for why this is so? a. Acetylcholine has many different forms b. Different postsynaptic cells will have different receptors c. Postsynaptic cells have a dynamic and changing metabolism and respond differently at different times. d. Acetylcholine has a "dose effect." Larger doses are stimulating while small doses inhibit. - answer-B Which of the following is NOT a chemical class of neurotransmitters? a. amino acid b. biogenic amine c. ATP and other purines d. nucleic acid - answer-D Which group of neurotransmitters play a role in emotional behavior and help regulate the biological clock? - answer-biogenic amine neurotransmitters When information is delivered within the CNS simultaneously by different parts of the neural pathway, the process is called _______ processing. - answer-Parallel Cholinergic neurons release _______. - answer-Acetylcholine Adrenergic neurons release _______. - answer-Norepinephrine All ANS neurons are described/classified as cholinergic EXCEPT: a. Postganglionic parasympathetic b. Preganglionic sympathetic c. Postganglionic sympathetic d. Preganglionic parasympathetic - answer-C