585 EXAM 2 Questions with Complete
Solutions
Leading cause of infertility - ANSWER-PCOS
PCOS - ANSWER-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
What happens during PCOS? - ANSWER-Mature eggs are not released from ovaries,
but
form small cysts in ovary
Infertility - ANSWER-Intermittent ovulation or anovulation
What percentage of women with PCOS are obese? - ANSWER-50%
Regarding T2DM, what percentage of women experience insulin resistance? -
ANSWER-50-70%
PCOS Symptoms (changes in menstrual cycle) - ANSWER-- Secondary amenorrhea
- Irregular periods
PCOS Symptoms (Virilization: male‐like characteristics) - ANSWER-- Body hair
- Decreased breast size
- Enlargement of clitoris
- Thinning of hair on head, male‐pattern baldness
- Voice gets deeper
PCOS Symptoms (Skin) - ANSWER-- Acne gets worse: Acne affects 15‐25% PCOS
patients
- Dark or thick skin markings
- Creases around armpits, groin, neck, breasts
Women with PCOS can get pregnant with treatment for PCOS, however, what
increased risks may the patient experience? - ANSWER-Increased risks for
hypertension and
gestational diabetes during pregnancy
What are the benefits of lifestyle management of PCOS? - ANSWER-- Reduce body
weight, body fat
- Improve metabolism: insulin
- Reduce hyperandrogenism
- Improve quality of life
- Reduce perceived exercise barriers
, Describe the 1990 National
Institutes of Health criteria used to diagnose PCOS. - ANSWER-Both Criteria Required
1) Hyperandrogenism
2) Oligo‐anovulation
Describe the 2003 Rotterdam criteria used to diagnose PCOS. - ANSWER-2/3 criteria
requried
1) Hyperandrogenism
2) Oligo‐anovulation
3) Polycystic ovaries (by ultrasound)
Describe the 2009 Androgen Excess
& polycystic ovary syndrome Society criteria used to diagnose PCOS. - ANSWER-Both
criteria required
1) Hyperandrogenism
2) Ovarian dysfunction (oligoanovulation and/or polycystic ovaries)
What are the issues associated with not having a clear definition of PCOS? -
ANSWER--No consensus on how to define this disorder
during early and late adolescence, nor during
and after menopause
-Not known whether women change from one
phenotype to another ‐‐ how with the change
affects their health status in the long term
What is the origin of PCOS? - ANSWER-Fetal programming of metabolic/endocrine
axes, especially carbohydrate metabolism and adrenal secretion
Is PCOS hereditary? - ANSWER-Yes, there is a genetic link - Sister/mother with similar
symptoms of PCOS
An exposure to what may cause PCOS during what ages? - ANSWER-Excess
androgens; Prior to or during puberty, and also as a fetus
Girls born small or large for gestational age have a (higher/lower?) incidence of PCOS?
- ANSWER-Higher
What is meant by Hyperandrogenemia? - ANSWER-- Total, unbound, or free
testosterone
- Androstenedione
- Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
- DHEA metabolite: DHEA sulphate (DHEAS)
Oligomenorrhea - ANSWER-4‐9 menstrual periods a year
Amenorrhea - ANSWER-missing three or more periods in a row
Solutions
Leading cause of infertility - ANSWER-PCOS
PCOS - ANSWER-Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
What happens during PCOS? - ANSWER-Mature eggs are not released from ovaries,
but
form small cysts in ovary
Infertility - ANSWER-Intermittent ovulation or anovulation
What percentage of women with PCOS are obese? - ANSWER-50%
Regarding T2DM, what percentage of women experience insulin resistance? -
ANSWER-50-70%
PCOS Symptoms (changes in menstrual cycle) - ANSWER-- Secondary amenorrhea
- Irregular periods
PCOS Symptoms (Virilization: male‐like characteristics) - ANSWER-- Body hair
- Decreased breast size
- Enlargement of clitoris
- Thinning of hair on head, male‐pattern baldness
- Voice gets deeper
PCOS Symptoms (Skin) - ANSWER-- Acne gets worse: Acne affects 15‐25% PCOS
patients
- Dark or thick skin markings
- Creases around armpits, groin, neck, breasts
Women with PCOS can get pregnant with treatment for PCOS, however, what
increased risks may the patient experience? - ANSWER-Increased risks for
hypertension and
gestational diabetes during pregnancy
What are the benefits of lifestyle management of PCOS? - ANSWER-- Reduce body
weight, body fat
- Improve metabolism: insulin
- Reduce hyperandrogenism
- Improve quality of life
- Reduce perceived exercise barriers
, Describe the 1990 National
Institutes of Health criteria used to diagnose PCOS. - ANSWER-Both Criteria Required
1) Hyperandrogenism
2) Oligo‐anovulation
Describe the 2003 Rotterdam criteria used to diagnose PCOS. - ANSWER-2/3 criteria
requried
1) Hyperandrogenism
2) Oligo‐anovulation
3) Polycystic ovaries (by ultrasound)
Describe the 2009 Androgen Excess
& polycystic ovary syndrome Society criteria used to diagnose PCOS. - ANSWER-Both
criteria required
1) Hyperandrogenism
2) Ovarian dysfunction (oligoanovulation and/or polycystic ovaries)
What are the issues associated with not having a clear definition of PCOS? -
ANSWER--No consensus on how to define this disorder
during early and late adolescence, nor during
and after menopause
-Not known whether women change from one
phenotype to another ‐‐ how with the change
affects their health status in the long term
What is the origin of PCOS? - ANSWER-Fetal programming of metabolic/endocrine
axes, especially carbohydrate metabolism and adrenal secretion
Is PCOS hereditary? - ANSWER-Yes, there is a genetic link - Sister/mother with similar
symptoms of PCOS
An exposure to what may cause PCOS during what ages? - ANSWER-Excess
androgens; Prior to or during puberty, and also as a fetus
Girls born small or large for gestational age have a (higher/lower?) incidence of PCOS?
- ANSWER-Higher
What is meant by Hyperandrogenemia? - ANSWER-- Total, unbound, or free
testosterone
- Androstenedione
- Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
- DHEA metabolite: DHEA sulphate (DHEAS)
Oligomenorrhea - ANSWER-4‐9 menstrual periods a year
Amenorrhea - ANSWER-missing three or more periods in a row
