CNM Semester example test paper || with 100% Correct Answers.

Explain what is meant by 'homeostasis' and list TWO physiological variables that must remain within narrow parameters in the body correct answers Homeostasis The condition of equilibrium (balance) in the body's internal environment maintained by the body's own regulatory processes. • Core temperature (36.5-37.5°C). • Water and electrolyte concentrations. • pH (acidity or alkalinity) of body fluids. • Blood glucose levels. • Blood and tissue O 2 / CO 2 levels. • Blood pressure. • Flow of Life Force. List ONE key difference between 'diffusion' and 'facilitated diffusion' correct answers Diffusion — the movement of small substances from a high to low concentration. Facilitated diffusion — the movement of larger substances from high to low concentration with the aid of transmembrane proteins Explain what is meant by a 'free radical' correct answers Free radicals are unstable and highly reactive molecules. They lack an electron in their atomic structure, which can be donated by antioxidants. Explain how 'tight junctions' are formed between cells correct answers Transmembrane proteins fuse cells together to reinforce the junctions and seal off passageways/ Describe the difference between 'supine' and 'prone' body positions correct answers Supine describes the body lying face up. Prone describes the body lying face down The skeletal system stores minerals such as _______________ and _______________, whilst functioning to provide a support framework for the body. Some bones in the body are known as 'long bones'. These contain a shaft known as the 'diaphysis', and 2 heads known as the '__________________'. An example of a long bone is the ____________________. correct answers The skeletal system stores minerals such as calcium phosphate and magnesium or potassium, whilst functioning to provide a support framework for the body. Some bones in the body are known as 'long bones. These contain a shaft known as the 'diaphysis', and 2 heads known as the 'epiphyses' Example: Femur or Tibia