Wound Certification Specialists || with 100% Correct Answers.
External skin surface correct answers Stratum basale the granular layer, Stratum spinosum the spiny layer, Stratum granulosum the granular layer, Stratum lucidum the clear layer, Stratum corneum the horny layer
Stratum basale correct answers The Deepest cell layer; contains continuous dividing cells.
Stratum spinosum correct answers The Epithelial cell layer located between the stratum basale and stratum granulosum.
Stratum granulosum correct answers Epithelial cell layer located between the stratum spinosum and stratum lucidum.
Stratum lucidum correct answers Epithelial cell layer located between the stratum granulosum sand stratum corneum.
Stratum corneum correct answers Outermost epithelial cell layer; consists of dead keratinocytes
Basement Membrane correct answers Forms junction between dermis and epidermis.
Cells of the Epidermis: correct answers Keratinocytes create toughness, Langerhans' cells offer protection, Melanocytes produce melanin, Merkel's cells offer touch sensation
Functions Of Skin correct answers Prevents excessive loss of fluids; melanin; ph slightly acidic 4.5- 5; maintain Temperature vasodilation to dissipate heat; vasoconstriction to retain heat; maintenance of calcium and phosphorus levels in the bone and blood
Epidermal Appendages: correct answers Sebaceous glands secret sebum, Hair follicles, Eccrine sweat Glands produce sweat, regulate temperature and eliminate waste; Apocrine sweat glands produce body odor; Nails
Dermal Layers: correct answers Two layers: Papillary dermis anchor dermis with finger like projections; Reticular dermis lower layer offers strength
Collagen, Elastin: correct answers Collagen is a protein which gives skin tensile strength. Type 1
Collagen 77-85%; Type 3 Collagen - 15-23%; Elastin- Protein which provides the skin with its recoil
Dermal Cell Types: correct answers Fibroblasts produce collagen, elastin, granulation tissue and growth factors. Macrophages and White Blood Cells fight infection; Mast Cells initiate inflammation response. Desmosomes correct answers Specialized structures which bind adjacent keratinocytes to one another and give cohesion to each layer during its upward progression
Dermis correct answers Supports and nourishes epidermis, thick, dense , fibroelastic, connective tissue. Highly vascularized, Contains nerves, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair follicles, Produced in bone marrow
Extra cellular matrix (ECM) correct answers Largest component of dermis, gel like matrix produced by the cells that it surrounds
Subcutaneous tissue correct answers Lies beneath the dermis and composed of adipose tissue and
fascia, provides cushioning.
Fascia correct answers White shiny in appearance, sheath like covering for muscles, nerves, and blood vessels
Collagenase correct answers Endogenous enzyme that breaks collagen bonds during maturation and remodeling phase.
Contraction correct answers Part of the proliferation phase of wound healing , decreasing the size
of the wound defect, Myoblasts drive the process of wound contraction.
Cytokine correct answers Signaling protein in the inflammatory phase
Desiccation correct answers The state of extreme dryness, or the process of extreme drying. Desiccation of wound removes the physiological fluids that support wound healing activity.
Diapedesis correct answers Diapedesis helps movement of PMNs through capillary walls.
PMN or polymorphonuclear neutrophil correct answers PMN are cells that clean the wound; secretes enzymes and help mediate inflammation.
Eosinophil correct answers A granular leukocyte associated with allergic response.
Ephithelialization correct answers Resurfuacing of the wound with keratinocytes
Inflammation correct answers First phase of wound healing; cardinal signs: rubor (redness), calor
(heat), tumor (edema/swelling), dolor (pain), functio laesa (loss of function); vascular cellular activity to injury of living tissue. (flare, flush, wheal). Good resource: https://www.slideshare.net/NeyazAhmad5/pathology-of-acute-inflammation
Inflammation: Rubor (Redness) correct answers caused by vasodilation, increased blood flow
Inflammation: Cador (Heat) correct answers caused by vasodilation (increased blood flow) and increased metabolic activity
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