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Genetics (BIO 342) Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers
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Genetics (BIO 342) Final Exam Questions with Correct Answers
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Genetics (BIO 342) Final Exam Questions with Correct AnswersBeedle and Tatum Correct Answer ✓✓ Demonstrated One Gene, One Polypeptide
See Figure 15.2 - 1. Neurospora was given induced mutations.
2. Spores transferred to complete media.
3. Spores transferred to minimal media, where fungi with auxotrophic mutations would not grow.
4. Only grew in arginine -> Defective in synthesis of Arginine
How many natural amino acids? Correct Answer ✓✓ 20
Nonpolar, aliphatic R group Amino Acids Correct Answer ✓✓ Glycine,
Alanine, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Methionine
Polar, uncharged R group Amino Acids Correct Answer ✓✓ Serine, Threonine, Cysteine, Proline, Asparagine, Glutamine
Positively charged R group Amino Acids (Basic Amino Acids) Correct Answer ✓✓ Lysine, Arginine, Histidine
Negatively charged R group Amino Acids (Acidic Amino Acids) Correct Answer ✓✓ Aspartate, Glutamate Bonds that Form Protein Tertiary Structure Correct Answer ✓✓ Hydrogen bond, Ionic bond, Hydrophobic interaction, Disulfide Bridge, Van der waals interaction
Genetic code table is arranged by ______ sequence. Correct Answer ✓✓ mRNA
Nirenberg and Matthaei Correct Answer ✓✓ Used POLYNUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHORYLASE to determine which amino acids are specified by codons that are composed of only one base
See Figure 15.8
Nirenberg and Leder Correct Answer ✓✓ Determined what codons coded for which amino acids using probabilities of predicted codon frequencies
See Figure 15.9
Degenerate Correct Answer ✓✓ Each codon represents one amino acid.
Inosine Correct Answer ✓✓ Binds with U, A, or C
Some tRNA anticodons have Inosine at the third position.
Aminoacyl Synthetase Correct Answer ✓✓ Charges tRNA with an amino acid
20 Kinds of Aminoacyl Synthetases Enzyme uses energy from ATP to attach aa to tRNA
3' tRNA Correct Answer ✓✓ acceptor stem
phosphate - adenine - amino acid
Ribosomes attach to mRNA with the help of Correct Answer ✓✓ Initiation Factor Proteins
IF3 Correct Answer ✓✓ Dissociation of large and small subunits
Which rRNA subunit attaches first for translation? Correct Answer ✓✓ Small Subunit
30s in bacteria
Prokaryotes: small subunit attaches to mRNA at Correct Answer ✓✓ Shine-Dalgarno Sequence
Eukaryotes: small subunit attaches to mRNA at Correct Answer ✓✓ Specific distance from first codon in eukaryotes
What is always part of the initiation complex? Correct Answer ✓✓ Small Subunit
1st tRNA = methionine
Methionine sets reading frame by its attachment Initiation factors
Kozak Sequence Correct Answer ✓✓ Surrounds the start codon, helps identify the start codon
EUKARYOTES ONLY
What attaches last for translation initiation? Correct Answer ✓✓ Large ribosomal subunit
70S in prokaryotes
Translation Initiation Correct Answer ✓✓ 1. Small Subunit attaches to mRNA
2. 1st tRNA sets frame by attachement
3. Large subunit attaches last
4. All steps require the help of initiation factor proteins
Translation Elongation Correct Answer ✓✓ 1. tRNA docks in A port while fMet-tRNA is in P port EF-Tu brings GTP.
GTP hydrolysis and regeneration of EF-TU.
(This reaction is powered by GTP.)
2. Peptide bond formation catalyzed by rRNA
by PEPTIDYL TRANSFERASE
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