Describe how the term "active filling" can be used when describing the phases
of diastole.
Ans- Active filling occurs in the last part of diastole (atrial contraction) when
the atrium pushes the blood through the AV valve Into The ventricle (25 to
30%).
Describe how was the term "passive fi...
Describe how the term "active filling" can be used when describing the phases
of diastole.
Ans- Active filling occurs in the last part of diastole (atrial contraction) when
the atrium pushes the blood through the AV valve Into The ventricle (25 to
30%).
Describe how was the term "passive filling" can be used when describing the
phases of diastole.
Ans- "Passive" means the ventricles in relaxation State and not Contracting.
Passive filling occurs in the rapid filling phase of diastole (70%.).
,What is meant by the term "impaired relaxation"? When, specifically in the
cardiac cycle would this be a problem?
Ans- Impaired relaxation occurs when the ventricle does not expand as quickly
as it should after contraction. This occurs in the beginning of diastole, during
IVRT, and the rapid filling phase.
What is meant by the term "restrictive filling"? When, specifically in the
cardiac cycle would this be a problem?
Ans- Restrictive filling refers to the ventricles inability to expand fully. This
happens when The myocardium loses its compliance, and it affects the final
stage of diastole (atrial contraction).
How many specific measurements have we learned to assess diastolic function?
Ans- We have studied 8 specific measurements (one of these can also be
indexed) for diastolic function.
Describe how to get the mitral inflow waveform by pulse wave Doppler (which
view, gate position, Baseline position, Etc.)
, Ans- We use the Apical-4 chamber window to get the best Doppler angle and
place the cursor line through the mitral valve. The gate should be placed at the
leaflet tips, and the Baseline should be lowered to near the bottom of the
Doppler display. An appropriate scale above the Baseline might be 1.5 or 1.8
milliseconds. Increased sweep speed.
On a mitral valve inflow waveform which two measurements do we do on this
specific waveform? Where would you put the calipers?
Ans- the two diastolic function measurements are E/A ratio, and DT.
What is the normal range for mitral inflow E/A ratio? What does this ratio
mean in terms of the sizes of the waves?
Ans- The normal range is between 0.8 and 1.5. This means that E and A
velocities could be equal but that usually E is a little bit bigger than A. If E is
more than one and a half times bigger than A (a ratio of 1.5), this would be out
of the normal range (grafe 3 or 4). It should be noted that in older patients, it
is often the case that E is a little smaller than A (ratio less than 1.0) and that in
very young, healthy patients the E might be more than 1.5 times bigger than A.
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