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Echo board exam Questions and Answers
Echo board exam Questions and Answers
[Show more]Echo board exam Questions and Answers
[Show more]what length PR interval indicates heart block? 
Ans- >200ms 
how many beats should you measure for a patient in afib? 
Ans- 5 consecutive beats 
what congenital heart disease is associated with wolff parkinson white 
syndrome? 
Ans- ebstein's anomaly 
mitral valve prolapse will cause what timin...
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Add to cartwhat length PR interval indicates heart block? 
Ans- >200ms 
how many beats should you measure for a patient in afib? 
Ans- 5 consecutive beats 
what congenital heart disease is associated with wolff parkinson white 
syndrome? 
Ans- ebstein's anomaly 
mitral valve prolapse will cause what timin...
List some possible etiologies for pulmonary hypertension. 
Ans- An access of blood flowing through the pulmonary artery. Reduction in 
the caliber of the pulmonary vasculature (vasoconstriction) either: (A)Primaryunknown cause (B)Secondary- due to long-standing pulmonary congestion due to 
left h...
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Add to cartList some possible etiologies for pulmonary hypertension. 
Ans- An access of blood flowing through the pulmonary artery. Reduction in 
the caliber of the pulmonary vasculature (vasoconstriction) either: (A)Primaryunknown cause (B)Secondary- due to long-standing pulmonary congestion due to 
left h...
MMode aortic regurgitation signs 
Ans- Diastolic Mitral valve fluttering 
Premature mitral valve closure 
Aortic pressure halftime values 
Ans- Mild > 500 msec 
Mod 500-200 msec 
severe <200 msec 
Descending Aorta diastolic flow reversal 
Ans- called "retrograde" 
Mild AI has an ________ tra...
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Add to cartMMode aortic regurgitation signs 
Ans- Diastolic Mitral valve fluttering 
Premature mitral valve closure 
Aortic pressure halftime values 
Ans- Mild > 500 msec 
Mod 500-200 msec 
severe <200 msec 
Descending Aorta diastolic flow reversal 
Ans- called "retrograde" 
Mild AI has an ________ tra...
Bernoulli's Equation is a relationship between 
Ans- pressure gradient and velocity 
Pattern of LV diastolic filling varies with 
Ans- age, HR, and PR interval 
On the ventricular aspect of each cusp of the aortic valve there is normally an 
area of thickening in the middle of the free edge that w...
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Add to cartBernoulli's Equation is a relationship between 
Ans- pressure gradient and velocity 
Pattern of LV diastolic filling varies with 
Ans- age, HR, and PR interval 
On the ventricular aspect of each cusp of the aortic valve there is normally an 
area of thickening in the middle of the free edge that w...
101. An intraoperative trans-esophageal echocardiogram (TEE) revealed mitral 
regurgitation 
with the following measurements: regurgitant jet area 4 cm2, PISA radius 0.8 
cm at 
a Nyquist limit of 50 cm/s at a heart rate of 82 beats/min and arterial blood 
pressure 
80/40 mmHg. This represents: 
...
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Add to cart101. An intraoperative trans-esophageal echocardiogram (TEE) revealed mitral 
regurgitation 
with the following measurements: regurgitant jet area 4 cm2, PISA radius 0.8 
cm at 
a Nyquist limit of 50 cm/s at a heart rate of 82 beats/min and arterial blood 
pressure 
80/40 mmHg. This represents: 
...
Which view do you start with in cardiac imaging? 
Ans- 2D 
Which imaging modes are used? 
Ans- 2D, m-mode, color Doppler, Doppler 
What does Doppler allow us to analyze? 
Ans- flow 
What does color Doppler allow us to analyze? 
Ans- visually analyze flow 
Which view is M-mode used in? 
Ans- paraster...
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Add to cartWhich view do you start with in cardiac imaging? 
Ans- 2D 
Which imaging modes are used? 
Ans- 2D, m-mode, color Doppler, Doppler 
What does Doppler allow us to analyze? 
Ans- flow 
What does color Doppler allow us to analyze? 
Ans- visually analyze flow 
Which view is M-mode used in? 
Ans- paraster...
to obtain a 12- lead ECG you must apply how many lead wires and electrodes to 
the patient? 
Ans- 10 
the most common setting for standard speed rate on the ECG machine is 
Ans- 25 mm/sec 
for the proper placement of V3, you must have placed which other two leads on 
the patient's chest? 
Ans- v2...
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Add to cartto obtain a 12- lead ECG you must apply how many lead wires and electrodes to 
the patient? 
Ans- 10 
the most common setting for standard speed rate on the ECG machine is 
Ans- 25 mm/sec 
for the proper placement of V3, you must have placed which other two leads on 
the patient's chest? 
Ans- v2...
Where precisely is the heart located? 
Ans- The heart sits in the mediastinum (the space between the lungs), just a 
little to the left of the center in most people (2/3 of the heart is left of 
center, while 1/3 is right). 
How many chambers does the heart have? How many on the right? How many on...
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Add to cartWhere precisely is the heart located? 
Ans- The heart sits in the mediastinum (the space between the lungs), just a 
little to the left of the center in most people (2/3 of the heart is left of 
center, while 1/3 is right). 
How many chambers does the heart have? How many on the right? How many on...
Describe how the term "active filling" can be used when describing the phases 
of diastole. 
Ans- Active filling occurs in the last part of diastole (atrial contraction) when 
the atrium pushes the blood through the AV valve Into The ventricle (25 to 
30%). 
Describe how was the term "passive ...
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Add to cartDescribe how the term "active filling" can be used when describing the phases 
of diastole. 
Ans- Active filling occurs in the last part of diastole (atrial contraction) when 
the atrium pushes the blood through the AV valve Into The ventricle (25 to 
30%). 
Describe how was the term "passive ...
Which valve separates the areas of greatest pressure differences? 
Ans- Mitral valve 
Which valve separates the areas of lowest pressure differences? 
Ans- Tricuspid valve 
What groove does the LAD lie? 
Ans- The anterior inter-ventricular groove (sulcus) 
What's a sulcus? 
Ans- a groove 
Which aor...
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Add to cartWhich valve separates the areas of greatest pressure differences? 
Ans- Mitral valve 
Which valve separates the areas of lowest pressure differences? 
Ans- Tricuspid valve 
What groove does the LAD lie? 
Ans- The anterior inter-ventricular groove (sulcus) 
What's a sulcus? 
Ans- a groove 
Which aor...
D-Transposition of the great arteries 
Ans- LV/RV normal orientation. Aorta leaves RV, Pulm Valve leaves LV 
- Needs balloon septostomy, otherwise not compatible with life 
L-Transposition of the great arteries (Congenitally corrected transposition) 
Ans- The aorta arises from the ventricle that is ...
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Add to cartD-Transposition of the great arteries 
Ans- LV/RV normal orientation. Aorta leaves RV, Pulm Valve leaves LV 
- Needs balloon septostomy, otherwise not compatible with life 
L-Transposition of the great arteries (Congenitally corrected transposition) 
Ans- The aorta arises from the ventricle that is ...
When does simplified Bernoulli equation not apply in aortic valve assessment? 
Ans- When proximal velocity is > 1.5 m/sec 
Doppler frequency shift equation 
Ans- Doppler shift = (2 x velocity of sample relative to source x transducer 
frequency x cos[θ]) / speed of sound in the tissue 
Will low...
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Add to cartWhen does simplified Bernoulli equation not apply in aortic valve assessment? 
Ans- When proximal velocity is > 1.5 m/sec 
Doppler frequency shift equation 
Ans- Doppler shift = (2 x velocity of sample relative to source x transducer 
frequency x cos[θ]) / speed of sound in the tissue 
Will low...
LV Mass weight) remains normal in chronic: 
Ans- mitral stenosis 
High engulation of an M-mode tranducer bean equals to 
Ans- pseudo bicuspid AV 
What is the primary effect of long standing AI? 
Ans- decreased EF 
High velocity jet (4 m/sec) will be what type of trace MS or AI? 
Ans- AI 
Which of th...
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Add to cartLV Mass weight) remains normal in chronic: 
Ans- mitral stenosis 
High engulation of an M-mode tranducer bean equals to 
Ans- pseudo bicuspid AV 
What is the primary effect of long standing AI? 
Ans- decreased EF 
High velocity jet (4 m/sec) will be what type of trace MS or AI? 
Ans- AI 
Which of th...
When a patient has aortic regurgitation what is the equation for calculating left 
ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP)? 
Ans- LVEDP= Diastolic BP- end diastolic AR gradient 
Common associated defects with ventricular septal defect 
Ans- pulmonic stenosis with VSDs 
Common associated defects ...
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Add to cartWhen a patient has aortic regurgitation what is the equation for calculating left 
ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP)? 
Ans- LVEDP= Diastolic BP- end diastolic AR gradient 
Common associated defects with ventricular septal defect 
Ans- pulmonic stenosis with VSDs 
Common associated defects ...
which valve separates the areas of greatest pressure diffrences ? lowest ? 
Ans- mitral valve 
tricuspid valve 
where does the LAD lie? 
Ans- in the anterior interventricular groove or suculus 
which aortic valve leaflet is superior in the PLAX view? 
Ans- right coronary cusp 
From the left paraste...
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Add to cartwhich valve separates the areas of greatest pressure diffrences ? lowest ? 
Ans- mitral valve 
tricuspid valve 
where does the LAD lie? 
Ans- in the anterior interventricular groove or suculus 
which aortic valve leaflet is superior in the PLAX view? 
Ans- right coronary cusp 
From the left paraste...
Fractional shortening - Definition 
Ans- Percentage in change in the left ventricular cavity dimension with systole 
Fractional shortening - Normal Values 
Ans- 27-45% 
Fractional shortening - Equation 
Ans- (LVEDD-LVESD)/LVEDD x100 
Stroke Volume - Definition 
Ans- How much blood leaves the heart i...
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Add to cartFractional shortening - Definition 
Ans- Percentage in change in the left ventricular cavity dimension with systole 
Fractional shortening - Normal Values 
Ans- 27-45% 
Fractional shortening - Equation 
Ans- (LVEDD-LVESD)/LVEDD x100 
Stroke Volume - Definition 
Ans- How much blood leaves the heart i...
A right sided aortic arch is associated w/ TOF in what percentage of cases? 
(25, 50, 75, 100) 
Ans- 25 
What is the most common fetal cardiac abnormality associated w/ maternal 
lupus erythematosus? 
Ans- complete heart block 
Type C AVSD are associated w/ all of the following types of CHD except...
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Add to cartA right sided aortic arch is associated w/ TOF in what percentage of cases? 
(25, 50, 75, 100) 
Ans- 25 
What is the most common fetal cardiac abnormality associated w/ maternal 
lupus erythematosus? 
Ans- complete heart block 
Type C AVSD are associated w/ all of the following types of CHD except...
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