100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Echo Boards Questions and Answers $13.49   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

Echo Boards Questions and Answers

 19 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • ECHO
  • Institution
  • ECHO

When does simplified Bernoulli equation not apply in aortic valve assessment? Ans- When proximal velocity is > 1.5 m/sec Doppler frequency shift equation Ans- Doppler shift = (2 x velocity of sample relative to source x transducer frequency x cos[θ]) / speed of sound in the tissue Will lo...

[Show more]

Preview 4 out of 32  pages

  • August 2, 2024
  • 32
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • ECHO
  • ECHO
avatar-seller
ExamArsenal
Echo Boards Questions
and Answers


When does simplified Bernoulli equation not apply in aortic valve assessment?


Ans- When proximal velocity is > 1.5 m/sec




Doppler frequency shift equation


Ans- Doppler shift = (2 x velocity of sample relative to source x transducer

frequency x cos[θ]) / speed of sound in the tissue




Will lower or higher transducer frequency minimize aliasing?


Ans- Lower frequency, because for the same detected velocity, the frequency

shift will be lower in absolute magnitude for a lower-frequency transducer than

for a higher-frequency transducer. Using a transducer with lower frequency

allows higher velocities to be detected prior to encountering the Nyquist limit.

,EROA equation


Ans- EROA = (2πr2 x aliasing velocity [cm/sec]) / Vmax [cm/sec]




When in the cardiac cycle is the aortic annulus measured?


Ans- peak systole




Speed of ultrasound in soft tissue


Ans- 1540 m/sec




Abbas equation for PVR


Ans- PVR = (TR velocity/ RVOT VTI) x 10 + 0.16.




Indications to end dobutamine stress for pseudoAS


Ans- 1. Max dise reached (20 mg/kg/min).


2. Heart rate rises 10-20 bpm above baseline or exceeds 100 bpm


3. Symptoms, blood pressure fall, or significant arrhythmia.

,4. Positive result obtained, which is defined as:


A. An increase in AVA to a final area >1 cm2


B. AS jet velocity ≥4 m/sec or mean gradient >30-40 mm Hg


C. Absence of contractile reserve (failure to increase the stroke volume by

>20%).




What is duty factor? And how does changing depth affect this?


Ans- The percentage of time that the ultrasound system is transmitting sound

(pulses). More depth decreases duty factor




ACC Stages of MR


Ans- A: at risk, no hemodynamic consequences


B: progressive, not severe, some hemodynamic consequences


C1: severe, asymptomatic, LVESD < 40 mm, LVEF > 60


C2: severe, asymptomatic, LVESD > 40 mm or LVEF < 60


D: symptomatic severe

, Wilkins Score


Ans-




PHT and DT relationship


Ans- PHT = 0.29 x DT




MVA and PHT


Ans- 220/PHT




MVA and DT


Ans- 759/DT




MR Carpentier Class


Ans- Type 1: normal leaflet position and movement


Type 2: excess movement


Type 3a: Restrictive motion in systole and diastole (rheumatic, MAC, drug

induced)

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ExamArsenal. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $13.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

67474 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$13.49
  • (0)
  Add to cart