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Exam 4 Study Guide)NSG 533 Exam 4: Questions & Answers: Guaranteed APlus Guide $7.99   Add to cart

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Exam 4 Study Guide)NSG 533 Exam 4: Questions & Answers: Guaranteed APlus Guide

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describe brain compliance (Ans- the ability of cranial content to tolerate changes in volume as brain volume increases, ICP initially does not increase due to ____________ (Ans- brain compliance how to monitor CSF in ICP (Ans- ICP waveform a healthy brain will have peak 1 higher tha...

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  • August 2, 2024
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NSG 533 Exam 4: Questions & Answers
describe brain compliance
(Ans- the ability of cranial content to tolerate changes in volume

as brain volume increases, ICP initially does not increase due to
____________
(Ans- brain compliance

how to monitor CSF in ICP
(Ans- ICP waveform

a healthy brain will have peak 1 higher than peak 2, which is higher than
peak 3

an unhealthy brain will have peak 2 higher than peak 1 (going up)

explain impaired brain autoregulation
(Ans- as blood flow to the brain drops, vasodilation will occur to increase
blood flow to the brain to increase ICP

if ICP is too high, vasoconstriction will occur to limit the amount of blood
reaching the brain

formula for calculating Cerebral Perfusion Pressure (CPP)
(Ans- CPP = MAP - ICP

what is normal CPP?
(Ans- 50-150mmHg

how can you reduce CPP?
(Ans- increase ICP

,do you want a higher or lower MAP in an injured brain?
(Ans- higher MAP

normal Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
(Ans- 0-10mmHg

what is a major cause of ICP hypotension?
(Ans- loss of CSF volume

when does ICP Hypertension warrant treatment?
(Ans- sustained ICP > 15-20mmHg

severe ICP Hypertension
(Ans- sustained ICP >40mmHg

causes of increased ICP
(Ans-
1. disordered CSF hydrodynamics
2. too much blood inside the brain
3. Increased volume of brain tissue

three causes of disordered CSF hydrodynamics
(Ans-
1. CSF overproduction (rare)
2. impaired absorption (blood in CSF clogs outflow)
3. impaired drainage (tumor blocks duct for draining CSF)

two causes of increased volume of brain tissue
(Ans-
1. abnormal growth/tumor
2. cerebral edema

what is the function of the Blood Brain Barrier?
(Ans- Regulates the movement of substances from the blood to the brain
tissue; protects the brain from infection and toxins

, what happens to the Blood Brain Barrier and brain autoregulation when
there is increased ICP?
(Ans- they break down

three types of cerebral edema
(Ans-
1. osmotic
2. vasogenic
3. cytotoxic

osmotic edema
(Ans- cerebral edema d/t fluid shifting into the brain tissue (hyponatremia)

vasogenic edema
(Ans- cerebral edema d/t altered capillary permeability (tumor)

cytotoxic edema
(Ans- cerebral edema d/t death of brain tissue (ischemia)

basics of how brain herniation occurs
(Ans- as ICP continues to increase, the brain begins to push on the skull
and has nowhere to go, which can result in herniation

four types of brain herniation
(Ans-
1. central
2. subfalcine
3. uncal
4. tonsillar

central herniation
(Ans- Downward shift of the diencephalon that compresses the midbrain --
> impedes blood flow to the brain

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