What are things to consider when interacting with parents and children?
-parents are experts on their cild
-parents have something to share
-all parents have strengths
-all parents want what is best for their child
-all parents have ambivalent feelings
-parents learn through trial and error
...
WVU NSG 320 Exam 2 Content-Questions with Correct Answers/ Verified/
Latest Update 2024/2025
What are things to consider when interacting with parents and children?
-parents are experts on their cild
-parents have something to share
-all parents have strengths
-all parents want what is best for their child
-all parents have ambivalent feelings
-parents learn through trial and error
-look for opportunities to support parents
-use the child's behavior to communicate with the parents
-focus on the child-parent relationship
-build on areas of strengths and passions of the parent
-be willing to go beyond your traditional role
What changes in weight occur within infancy?
-birth weight doubles by 6 months
-birth weight triples by 1 year
What changes in height occur within infancy?
-in the first 6 months, they grow 1 in per month
-from 6 to 12 months, they grow .5 in per month
What changes in head circumference occur within infancy?
-"normal" head circumference is indicative of brain growth
-rapid increase in the first 6 months
-head circumference averages between 33 and 35 cm
What neurological maturation occurs within infancy?
involuntary movement progresses to voluntary control
What respiratory maturation occurs within infancy?
-respiratory rate slows and matures (more regular breathing)
,-still narrow nasal passages and significantly less alveoli
^increased risk for respiratory compromise
What cardiovascular maturation occurs within infancy?
-blood pressure increases
-heart doubles in size the first year
What gastrointestinal maturation maturation occurs within infancy?
-immature: lacks digestive enzymes until 5-6 months
-stools may be inconsistent
^this is ok unless they are hard, dry, black, red, mucus, frothy, and/or foul smelling
What genitourinary maturation occurs within infancy?
-infant has a greater % of water, thus they are more susceptible to dehydration
-immature GFR
What integumentary maturation occurs within infancy?
-acrocyanosis /mottled skin is normal in early infancy
-thin skin: increases permeability to topical medications
What hematopoeitic maturation occurs within infancy?
-fetal Hgb
-physiologic anemia is *NORMAL*
^maternal stores help until 6-9 months
,What Erickson Stage do infants exhibit?
Erickson Stage: Trust v Mistrust
-achieving this task is based on the quality of the caregiver-infant relationship and the care
received by the infant
-the infant begins to learn delayed gratification; failure to learn delayed gratification leads
to mistrust
-trust is developed by meeting comfort, feeding, stimulation, and caring needs
-mistrust develops if needs are inadequately or inconsistently met, or if the needs are
continuously met before being vocalized to the infant
-overtime the infant can tolerate small amounts of "frustration" when not tended to quickly
Techniques
-use soother (suck, swaddle, swaying, shhh)
-respond to crying quickly
-use a schedule
-use calm but confident approach
What phase of Piaget is an infant in?
Sensorimotor Phase
-the sensorimotor phase consists of 4 stages
1. Reflexes (birth-1 month)
-beginning of associations
2. Primary Circular Reactions (1 month-4 months)
-casualty
3. Secondary Circular Reactions (4-8 months)
, -object permanence: the process by which infants learn that an object still exists when it is
out of view
-ex. if you put a ball under the blanket, they still know the ball is under there
4. Coordination of Secondary Schemas (8-12 months)
-mental representations: ability to recognize and use symbols
-anticipate events
What kind of development do infants go through?
cephalocaudal (head to tail)
What gross motor skill should be occurring at 2-4 months?
Head Control
-at 2 months it should be improving and by 4 months it should be well established
-if the child doesn't gain head control by 4 months, this is cause for concern (RED FLAG)
-if the head doesn't gain control, then nothing else will come after
What gross motor skill should be occurring at 5 months?
Rolling Over
-we encourage tummy time because infants spend a lot of time on their backs while
sleeping
-we will see them push off with 5 fingers and roll over to their back
What gross motor skill should be occurring at 6-8 months?
Sitting Up
-infants will typically sit up in the tripod position
-sometimes they will lean forward at first because they haven't developed their lower back
muscles
What gross motor skill should be occurring at 8-9 months?
Crawling
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