NREMT Exam || with Complete Solutions.
history of EMS system correct answers funeral homes; produced an environment in which
funeral home operators were serving competing business interests and patients received little
care until they arrived at the hospital
"White Paper" correct answers Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of
Modern Society; published in 1966 by the National Academy of Sciences; spotlighted
inadequacies of prehospital care in the US, especially in trauma
Components of the EMS system: public access correct answers refers to how the public accesses
the EMS system
Components of the EMS system: clinical care correct answers outlines the scope of practice and
associated equipment
Components of the EMS system: medical direction correct answers physician oversight of
patient care
Components of the EMS system: integrated health services correct answers prehospital service
providers work cooperatively with hospital personnel to ensure continuity of care
Components of the EMS system: information systems correct answers the information
technology component of the EMS system
Components of the EMS system: prevention correct answers the EMS system's role in preventing
injury and illness
Components of the EMS system: research correct answers the move toward EMS care based on
evidence based medicine
Components of the EMS system: communications correct answers communication systems used
to activate EMS system, dispatch responders, and communicate with medical direction
Components of the EMS system: human resources correct answers attempts to professionalize
EMS occupations
Components of the EMS system: legislation and regulation correct answers ensures the EMS
system conforms to various local, state, and federal requirements
Components of the EMS system: evaluation correct answers the quality improvement component
of the EMS system
Components of the EMS system: finance correct answers addresses the funding sources of the
EMS system
,Components of the EMS system: public education correct answers focuses on the EMS system's
role in the larger public health system
Components of the EMS system: education systems correct answers addresses the quality of
EMS training
emergency medical responder (EMR) correct answers provides basic, immediate care including
bleeding control, CPR, AED, and emergency childbirth (previously known as first responder)
emergency medical technician (EMT) correct answers includes all EMR skills, advanced oxygen
and ventilation skills, pulse oximetry, noninvasive blood pressure monitoring, and administration
of certain medications (previously known as EMT-basic)
advanced emergency medical technician (AEMT) correct answers includes all EMT skills,
advanced airway devices, intravenous and intraosseous access, blood glucose monitoring, and
administration of additional medications
paramedic correct answers includes all preceding training levels, advanced assessment and
management skills, various invasive skills, and extensive pharmacology interventions; this is the
highest level of prehospital care outlined in the National EMS Educations Standards
EMT roles and responsibilities correct answers 1. equipment preparedness
2. emergency vehicle operations
3. establish, maintain scene safety
4. patient assessment and treatment
5. lifting and moving
6. strong verbal and written communication skills
7. patient advocacy
8. professional development
9. quality improvement
10. illness and injury prevention
11. maintain certification/licensure
high risk activities for patients correct answers 1. transfer of patient care
2. lifting and moving patients
3. transporting the patient in an ambulance
4. spinal precautions
5. administration of medications
errors by EMS providers that result in patient injury are usually due to correct answers 1. failure
to perform skills adequately
2. lack of knowledge leading to poor decision making
3. failure to follow established protocols
,professional attributes correct answers professional appearance, competent knowledge and skills,
physical capability, leadership skills, high ethical standards, emotional stability, critical/adaptive
thinking skills, effective listener, ability to function in a team environment
online medical direction correct answers direct contact between physician and EMT via radio or
phone
offline medical direction correct answers written guidelines and protocols
quality improvement correct answers also called continuous quality improvement; continuous
audit and review of all aspects of the EMS system to identify areas of improvement
examples of the EMS system's participation in public health efforts correct answers
immunization clinics, prevention education, safety, wellness events, and public CPR training
EMT priorities, in order correct answers 1. his or her own safety
2. safety for partners, patients, and bystanders
how to maintain scene safety correct answers addressing scene-specific hazards, appropriate
infection control precautions, and safe lifting and moving techniques
acute stress correct answers an immediate physiological and psychological reaction to a specific
event; the event triggers the body's "fight or flight" response
delayed stress correct answers a stress reaction that develops after the stressful event; it does not
interfere with the EMT's ability to perform during the stressful event; PTSD is an example of
delayed stress
causes of stress correct answers 1. long hours, low pay, lack of sleep
2. dangerous situations, exposure to death and dying
3. challenging interactions with patients, family members, etc
4. working holidays, birthdays, anniversaries, etc
5. nonemergency transports and aggressive system-status management
Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) correct answers - defusing sessions, when needed
are held within 4 hours of the incident
- debriefing sessions are held 24-72 hours after the incident
- CISM teams consist of trained peer counselors and mental health experts
- participants can, but are not required to, share their feelings
- CISM is meant to facilitate the process of dealing with critical incident stress; it is not used as a
critique of patient care or any other type of performance evaluation
- the information shared during CISM is confidential
stages of grief correct answers denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance
, standard precautions correct answers body substance isolation precautions; to be implemented
for all patient contacts and based on the assumption that all body fluids pose the risk of infection
what is the single most important way to prevent the spread of infection correct answers
handwashing
minimum PPE correct answers gloves and eye protection
expanded PPE correct answers use disposable gown and mask for significant contact with any
body fluid (e.g. childbirth); use high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) mask or N-95 respirator
for suspected airborne disease exposure
what to do upon encountering a hazmat incident correct answers 1. maintain a safe distance and
attempt to keep others out
2. call for specially trained hazmat responders
3. look for placards without entering the scene and utilize the Emergency Response Guidebook
to determine evacuation distance
4. do not enter a hazmat scene until cleared by hazmat specialists
5. do not begin emergency care until all patients have been decontaminated or otherwise cleared
by hazmat crews
what to do upon arriving at a crime scene correct answers 1. EMS should not enter a crime scene
unless law enforcement has determined it is safe
2. EMS providers may be advised to respond to the call but maintain a safe distance away until
cleared by law enforcement; this is sometimes called "staging for PD"
what to do upon arriving at an accident scene correct answers federal law requires EMS workers
wear an approved highly reflective traffic safety vest when working on roadways, around traffic,
or at an accident scene
safe lifting techniques correct answers 1. power lift- keep object close to the body, use legs to lift
(legs bent, back straight), use a power grip with palms up and all fingers wrapped around the
object
2. position the stretcher to reduce the height of the lift
3. preplan the lift to reduce distance and avoid problems
4. get enough help
emergency move correct answers used when the scene is dangerous and the patient must be
moved before providing patient care (e.g. armpit forearm drag, shirt drag, and blanket drag)
urgent move correct answers Used when the patient has potentially life-threatening injuries or
illness and must be moved quickly for evaluation and transport
rapid extrication correct answers an urgent move used for patients in a motor vehicle; it requires
multiple rescuers and a long backboard; the patient is rotated onto a backboard with manual
cervical spine precautions and removed from the vehicle
