EKU BIO 342 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy exam 3 Dr. Wiggington Questions with Correct Answers
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Course
Bio 342
Institution
Bio 342
What are the functions of muscles? Correct Answer Muscles make things happen:
Force, Movement, Heat production (shivering), Activities of glands, organs ( ration, circulation), generate electricity.
What are 4 ways to describe or categorize muscles? Correct Answer Color ( red/white)
Location...
EKU BIO 342 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy
exam 3 Dr. Wiggington Questions with Correct
Answers
What are the functions of muscles? Correct Answer ✓✓ Muscles make
things happen:
Force, Movement, Heat production (shivering), Activities of glands,
organs ( eg.respiration, circulation), generate electricity.
What are 4 ways to describe or categorize muscles? Correct Answer ✓✓
Color ( red/white)
Location ( somatic/ visceral)
Ways of control (voluntary/ involuntary)
General microscopic appearance ( skeletal- striated, Cardiac, Smooth)
What are the characteristics of red versus white muscle? Correct Answer
✓✓ White Muscle: White muscle is lighter in color than red muscle it
tends to be faster acting but faster tiring. Therefore its is for quick
BURSTS of energy.
Red Muscle: Red muscle contains more myoglobbin, an oxygen storage
pigment, and has more capillaries. Red muscle is for HIGH endurance
activities.
Why can describing a muscle as red or white be a bit misleading?
Correct Answer ✓✓ Most muscles contain both types of muscle fibers
this makes these categories to vague.
,What are the relative characteristics of different kinds of muscle fibers?
Correct Answer ✓✓ Slow Twitch- slow contraction, very small force
output, very high resistance to fatigue, slow oxidative
Fast Twitch:
FR- fast contraction, small force output, HIGH resistance to fatigue, fast
oxidative glycolyic (FOG)
FI- fast contraction, Medium force output, Medium resistance to fatigue,
fast intermediate (FI)
FF- fast contraction, Large force output, LOW resistance to fatigue, fast
glycolytic (FG)
What are parallel versus pinnate muscles? What are their relative
advantages and disadvantages? Correct Answer ✓✓ Parallel muscles
can contract over greater distances. Pinnate muscles can pack more
fibers in a smaller space and can be stronger for their size.
What are synergist muscles? Correct Answer ✓✓ Muscles that act
together to produce motion in the general direction
What are antagonist muscles? Correct Answer ✓✓ Muscles that produce
opposite motions
Define origin Correct Answer ✓✓ The relatively fixed point of
attachment
, Define insertion Correct Answer ✓✓ The relatively movable point of
attachment
What are flexors versus extensors? Correct Answer ✓✓ Flexors bend
one part relative to another about a joint. Extensors straighten a part
What are adductors versus abductors? Correct Answer ✓✓ Adductors
draw the limb toward the ventral surface of body and abductors move
the limb away.
What are levators versus depressors? Correct Answer ✓✓ Levators
close the jaw and depressors open the jaw.
What are protractors versus retractors? Correct Answer ✓✓ Protractors
result in projection of part, such as tongue of frog, away from its base,
whereas retractors bring it back.
What are pronators versus supinators (rotators)? Correct Answer ✓✓
Supinators rotate the palm or sole up. Pronators rotate the palm or sole
down.
What are constrictors versus dilators? Correct Answer ✓✓ Constrictors
surround tubes or openings to close them. Dilators act antagonistically to
open the orifice.
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