SWS3022 Exam 2 Questions with Correct Answers
What is the degree to which organic contaminants impact soil and water quality related to? - Answer-water solubility
What are the three factors that water solubility influences in organic contaminants? - Answer-mobility, persistence, and bioavailabi...
What is the degree to which organic contaminants impact soil and water quality related
to? - Answer-water solubility
What are the three factors that water solubility influences in organic contaminants? -
Answer-mobility, persistence, and bioavailability
What are the two factors that cause some organic chemicals to be able to dissolve in
water? - Answer-being polar and/or electrically charged
organochlorines - Answer-non-ionic, non-polar organic chemicals; incompatible with
water
What are three examples of organochlorines? - Answer-DDT, PCBs, and dioxin
What are the types of liquids in which hydrophobic organic chemicals dissolve easily? -
Answer-organic; polar and carbon based liquids; like dissolves like
organic chemical partitioning - Answer-the distribution and movement of organic
chemicals (such as pesticides, pollutants, or naturally occurring organic compounds)
within the soil environment
bioaccumulation - Answer-low concentrations of a substance existing in a place for an
extended period of time
Reactivity in soil mineral colloids is derived from what two factors? - Answer-large
surface area and electrical charge
How is cation exchange capacity measured? - Answer-Take a mineral / clay / whatever
that is saturated with a cation, then flush them out with a stronger cation. The displaced
cations will be collected in a beaker, and the number of cations, and that number is the
amount of negative charges (CEC)
What are the fundamental building blocks for aluminosilicate clays and the dominant
ions comprising them? - Answer-Tetrahedral sheets (silicon and oxygen) and octahedral
sheets (aluminum, oxygen, and hydroxide).
How does bioaccumulation occur in organisms (particularly regarding hydrophobic
organic chemicals)? - Answer-Uptake from the environment, storage in lipids,
biomagnification, transfer to predators.
, biomagnification - Answer-accumulation of pollutants at successive levels of the food
chain
octanol - Answer-used as a reference organic solvent for organic chemicals; expose
chemicals to this and observe interactions, can see how chemicals interact with organic
domains
KOW (octanol-water partitioning coefficient) - Answer-concentration of chemical in
octanol / concentration of chemical in water
JUST PARTITIONING
high KOW = low solubility = strong attraction to carbon matrices = high partitioning, high
absorption by lipids / organic tissue
Kd (soil distribution coefficient) - Answer-amount of chemical in the soil in relation to
how much remains in the solution; pesticide on soil / pesticide in solution; only used on
a SPECIFIC given soil, can't use it as an index across different chemicals
KOC (organic carbon distribution coefficient) - Answer-Kd / fraction of organic carbon;
more broadly expressed; JUST PARTITIONING
high KOC = stronger retention, slower movement in soils = low water solubility
water insoluble organic chemicals are usually - Answer-non-polar or non-charged
What are the important soil solution constituents of inorganic soils? - Answer-can
contain carbon, but are not based on carbon; simple
- metals, chemical nutrients, acids
- all ionic
What are the important soil solution constituents of organic soils? - Answer-compounds
of carbon; dominated by C, H, and O; complex
- covalently bonded
- can be natural or synthetic
How do ions differ from the elements in the periodic table? - Answer-Elements in the
periodic table are electrically neutral. Ions are stable forms of elements that acquire an
electrical charge by gaining or losing electrons.
ions - Answer-stable forms of elements that acquire an electrical charge by gaining or
losing electrons
cations - Answer-elements that lose electrons; positively charged
anions - Answer-elements that gain electrons; negatively charged
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