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PSY 3300 Final Exam Review Questions with Correct Answers
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PSY 3300 Final Exam Review Questions with Correct Answers
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PSY 3300 Final Exam Review Questions with CorrectAnswers
discovered imprinting Correct Answer ✓✓ Lorenz
an innate form of learning in which the young will follow and become
attached to a moving object (usually the mother) during a critical period
early in life Correct Answer ✓✓ imprinting
formulated the attachment theory Correct Answer ✓✓ Bowlby
elaborated on Bowlby's attachment theory; strange situation Correct
Answer ✓✓ Ainsworth
a series of mildly stressful experiences involving the departure of the
parent and exposure to a stranger to which infants are exposed to
determine the quality of their attachments Correct Answer ✓✓ strange
situation
at birth, babies show contentment (by smiling), interest (by staring
intently at objects), and distress (grimaces in response to pain or
discomfort); within the first 6 months, more specific emotions evolve
from these three Correct Answer ✓✓ primary emotions
these emotions require an awareness of and emerge around 18 months of
age, when infants become able to recognize themselves in a mirror;
include embarrassment when they are asked to perform for guests, pride,
,shame, and guilt Correct Answer ✓✓ secondary (self-conscious)
emotions
infants' monitoring of companions' emotional reactions in ambiguous
situations and use of this info to decide how they should feel and behave
Correct Answer ✓✓ social referencing
harmonious, dance-like interaction between infant and caregiver in
which each adjusts behavior in response to that of the other Correct
Answer ✓✓ synchronized routine
a wary or fretful reaction that infants display when separated from their
attachment objects Correct Answer ✓✓ separation anxiety
a wary or fretful reaction that infants often display when approached by
an unfamiliar person Correct Answer ✓✓ stranger anxiety
in Bowlby's attachment theory, the most mature phase of attachment in
which parent and child accommodate to each other's needs and the child
becomes more independent Correct Answer ✓✓ goal-oriented
partnership
- a point of safety, represented by an infant's attachment figure, that
permits exploration of the environment Correct Answer ✓✓ secure base
,tested attachment with baby monkeys and used a simulation mother
monkey to see what traits were most important in attachment Correct
Answer ✓✓ Harlow
the pleasurable tactile sensations provided by a parent or a soft, terry
cloth mother substitute; believed to foster attachments in infant monkeys
and possibly humans Correct Answer ✓✓ contact comfort
terry cloth surrogate mothers provided more contact comfort to the baby
monkeys than the wire surrogate mothers Correct Answer ✓✓ cloth and
wire surrogate mothers
- children who are often indiscriminately friendly toward both a stranger
and their parent in a Strange Situation test; they eagerly approach the
stranger in a coy or silly manner but then back off warily; they are
unable to regulate their emotions well enough to participate in real,
reciprocal social interactions; they sometimes go off with a stranger in a
new situation without ever checking back with the parent; commonly
seen in deprived children Correct Answer ✓✓ disinhibited attachment
symbolic play in which one actor, object, or action symbolizes or stands
for another Correct Answer ✓✓ Parten pretend play
a form of pretend play that involves both cooperation with playmates
and pretend or symbolic activity Correct Answer ✓✓ social pretend
play
, methods for determining who is well liked and popular and who is
disliked or neglected in a group Correct Answer ✓✓ sociometric
techniques
Carstensen's notion that our needs change as we grow older and that we
actively choose to narrow our range of social partners to those who can
best meet our emotional needs Correct Answer ✓✓ socio-emotional
selectivity theory
a small friendship group that interacts frequently Correct Answer ✓✓
clique
a network of heterosexual cliques that forms during adolescence and
facilitates mixed-sex social activities Correct Answer ✓✓ crowd
a spouse, relative, or friend to whom a person feels emotionally close
and with whom that person can share thoughts and feelings Correct
Answer ✓✓ confidant
Bowlby argued that infants—and parents—are biologically predisposed
to form attachments; ethologists and evolutionary theorists assume that
all species, including humans, are born with behavioral tendencies that
have been built into their species over the course of evolution because
they have contributed to survival; imprinting Correct Answer ✓✓
ethological approach to attachment
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