BIO 334 Lecture 3: Neurons and Glia || Questions and 100% Accurate Answers.
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BIO 334 Lecture 3: Neurons and Glia
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BIO 334 Lecture 3: Neurons And Glia
Prior to neuron doctrine, what did people think the nervous system was? correct answers a "hydraulic reticulum"
netword of fused cells (reticulum) filled with fluid (hydraulic), they operated using elctrical signals
What did Camillo Golgi discover? correct answers - developed Golgi staining ...
BIO 334 Lecture 3: Neurons and Glia || Questions and 100%
Accurate Answers.
Prior to neuron doctrine, what did people think the nervous system was? correct answers a
"hydraulic reticulum"
netword of fused cells (reticulum) filled with fluid (hydraulic), they operated using elctrical
signals
What did Camillo Golgi discover? correct answers - developed Golgi staining to view neurons
under LM
- discovered *continuous interconnected reticulum* of neurons (gap junctions)
What is the neuron doctrine? correct answers idea that neurons are SEPARATE CELLS wthat
must communicate in some way at contact points (through gap junctions).
Ramon y Cajal favored the neuron doctrine
Golgi disputed the neuron doctrine
What are glial cells? correct answers cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and
protect neurons
- maintain homeostasis of extracellular space in brain
- insualate neurons
- structure and nutrient support
What are the two main neurites?
Define their functions.
How many axons does a neuronsal cell body give rise to? correct answers dendrites and axons
dendrites = receive incoming signals
axons = send out signals to dendrites other neurons
one cell body gives rise to ONE AXON that branches a lot
What is the neurolemma?
Which types of material are sent down the axon (other than electrical signals)? correct answers
plasma membrane of a neuron.
vesicles, proteins, mitochondria are transported down the axon through microtubule mechanisms
, Why do neurons have many mitochondria? correct answers They require glucose to make ATP,
and thus oxidative phosphorylation to mass produce ATP.
ATP is needed for ATP pumps that maintain ion gradients across the membrane requires for
electrical signaling.
Under starvation conditions, ketone bodies become the main energy source.
Why do chromosomes NOT replicate in mature neurons? correct answers mature neurons are
terminally differentiates (they will not undergo further cell division like other cells of the body
do)
THEY ONLY FUNCTION FOR GENE TRANSCRIPTION
DNA --> DNA replicated --> RNA --> mRNA --> protein
specific neuronal proteins are created
what type of genes do neurons have? correct answers very specific set of genes that yield unique
sets of neuronal proteins
about 14000 genes (some still unknwon)
what is a nissle stain? correct answers the stain (cresyl violet) binds to rough endoplastic
reticulum and rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
Difference between protein synthesis on a free ribosome vs. bound ribosomes of the rough ER
correct answers Free ribosomes translate mRNAs into cytosolic proteins
Bound ribosomes in the rough ER translate mRNAs into membrane bound proteins
Why is there abundant rough ER within neurons? correct answers Due to the high degree of gene
expression in neurons SPECIFICALLY FOR MEMBRANE BOUND PROTEINS (for electrical
signaling and synaptic transmission)
How does golgi apparatus play a role in neurons? correct answers 1. newly made proteins from
rough ER are packed in vesicles
2. vesicles fuse with golgi membrane
3. post-translational modification occurs in *tras-Golgi network*
4. protein sorting occurs in *cis-Golgi network*
5. vesicles bud off from golgi and are sent to appropriate areas (dendrites,axons, synaptic
terminals)
Name the three main cytoskeleton scaffolding structures of neuron and their functions. correct
answers 1. *microtubules*
(polymers of tubulin)
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