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NR 293 - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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NR 293 - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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NR 293 - EXAM 1 QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
Drug - ANSWER Any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism
Pharmacology - ANSWER The study or science of drugs
Chemical Name - ANSWER Describes the drug's chemical composition and molecular structure (not
usually used in nursing)
Generic Name - ANSWER Name given by the United States Adopted Names council. The universal name,
like ibuprofen or acetaminophen
Trade Name - ANSWER AKA proprietary name. The drug has a registered trademark, use of the name is
restricted by the drug's patent owner. Ex is Motrin and Advil, they are both ibuprofen
Pharmaceutics - ANSWER The study of how various drug forms influence the way in which the drug
affects the body.
Oral, rectal, transdermal, etc.
Pharmacodynamics - ANSWER The study of what the drug does to the body. The mechanism of drug
actions in living tissues and drug-receptor relationships
Pharmacotherapeutics - ANSWER The clinical use of drugs to prevent and treat disease. Defines
principles of drug actions- the cellular processes that change in response to the presence of drug
molecules. Drugs are organized into pharmacologic classes, like antihypertensives.
Ex: elderly taking baby aspirin to prevent strokes
Pharmacognosy - ANSWER The study of natural drug sources, like plants, animals and minerals.
Pharmaceutic Properties - ANSWER Different drug dosage forms have different properties. Dosage form
determines the rate of drug dissolution. Enteric-coated tablets protect patients from stomach irritation.
,Fastest Route of Oral Drug Absorption - ANSWER 1. Oral disintegration, buccal tabs, and oral soluble
wafers
2. Liquids, elixirs, and syrups
3. Suspension solutions
4. Powders
5. Capsules
6. Tablets
7. Coated tablets
8. Enteric-coated tabletes
Pharmacokinetics - ANSWER The study of what the body does to the drug. A drug's time to onset of
action, time to peak effect, and duration of action.
-Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion
Pharmacokinetics: Absorption - ANSWER Movement of a drug from its site of administration into the
bloodstream for distribution to the tissues.
Bioavailability - ANSWER A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and route. Giving a
med through the IV, you will have 100% of the med in the bloodstream, none is lost.
First-Pass Effect - ANSWER The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the GI tract before
the drug reaches systemic circulation. If you give a PO med, the GI system digests, liver transforms, and
then it reaches the bloodstream. Not 100% of the med reaches the bloodstream, you lose some as it
travels.
Enteral Route of Drug Administration - ANSWER The drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation
through the oral or gastric mucosa or the small intestine. Types of enteral are oral, sublingual, buccal,
and rectal.
Parenteral Route of Drug Administration - ANSWER Though an IV, IM, subcutaneous, intradermal,
intraarterial, intrathecal, and intraarticular
, Topical Route of Drug Administration - ANSWER Skin, eyes, ears, nose, lungs, rectum, vagina
Pharmacokinetics: Distribution - ANSWER The transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of
action. Protein-binding, water-soluble vs fat-soluble, blood-brain barrier.
Protein-Binding Drugs - ANSWER After you take the medication, it is in the blood attached to protein,
mainly albumin. When the drug binds to albumin, it works as a slow release, only the free unbound drug
is therapeutic. The bound drug is essentially inactive. Type of drugs that are protein-binding are blood
thinners. If a patient is deficient in albumin, there is a problem of too much free-drug.
Pharmacokinetics: Metabolism/Biotransformation - ANSWER The biochemical alteration of a drug into
an inactive metabolite, a more soluble compound, a more potent active metabolite, or a less active
metabolite. Transformed mainly in the liver, but also skeletal muscle, kidneys, lungs, plasma, intestinal
mucosa.
Factors the Decrease Metabolism - ANSWER Cardiovascular dysfunction, renal insufficiency, starvation,
obstructive jaundice, slow acetylator, and ketoconazole therapy
Factors the Increase Metabolism - ANSWER Fast acetylator, barbiturate therapy, rifampin therapy, and
phenytoin therapy
Pharmacokinetics: Excretion - ANSWER The elimination of drugs from the body by the kidneys (main
organ), liver, bowel
Drug Half-Life - ANSWER The time it takes for one half of the original amount of a drug to be removed
from the body. A measure of the rate at which a drug is removed from the body. Most drugs are
considered to be effectively removed after about 5 half-lives.
Steady State - ANSWER If you give medications around the clock, eventually the meds you give are equal
to the meds removed in half-life
Drug Actions - ANSWER The cellular processes involved in the drug and cell interaction
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