Arkansas Foundations of Reading || very Flawless.
Explicit Instruction correct answers -Teacher models, demonstrates, and directs instruction
-Objective stated
-Measurable
-Principal could walk in & know objective
-Appears focused
Implicit Instruction correct answers -For extension & practice
-Reinforcement of previously taught skill
- May feel "less clear" on objective/assessment
-Purpose may be unclear to outside observer
- May appear less focused
Phoneme correct answers -smallest part of spoken language
-41 phonemes
-a phoneme can be represented by more than one letter sometimes
Grapheme correct answers -smallest part of written language that represents a phoneme
Phonics correct answers the relationship between letters and sounds
Phonemic Awareness correct answers -The ability to hear, identify, and manipulate the
individual sounds, phonemes, in oral language.
- Purely auditory
-beginning, middle, and end sounds
- blending & segmenting
-substitution, deletion, insertion
phonological awareness correct answers - Includes phonemic awareness
- works with rhyming, onset + rime, syllables, and whole words
Syllable correct answers A word part that contains a vowel or vowel sound
Onset + Rime correct answers -smaller than syllables, larger than phonemes
Example: Stop. onset= st rime= op
Phonological Awareness skills from basic to complex correct answers 1. Rhyming
2. Syllables
3. Counting words in a sentence
4. Hearing/manipulating onset + rime
5. Phonemic Awareness
One of the greatest predictors of reading success correct answers phonemic awareness
Elkonin Boxes correct answers a strategy for segmenting sounds in a word that involves drawing
a box to represent each sound in a word & marking inside the boxes every time you say a sound
in the word.
Phoneme Isolation correct answers Recognizing individual sounds in a word (e.g., /p/ is the first
sound in pan).
Phoneme Identity correct answers recognizing the common sound in different words. For
example, "Tell me the sound that is the same in pig, pot, and pie (/p/)."
Phoneme categorization correct answers recognize a word with a sound that does not match the
sounds in other words
"What word doesn't belong? Bus, Bun, Rug"
"Rug does not belong. It doesn't start with /b/"
Phoneme blending correct answers Children listen to a sequence of separately spoken phonemes,
and then combine the phonemes to
form a word. Then they write and read the word.
Teacher: What word is /b/ /i/ /g/?
Children: /b/ /i/ /g/ is big.
Phoneme segmentation correct answers Children break a word into its separate sounds, saying
each sound as they tap out or count it.
Then they write and read the word.
Teacher: How many sounds are in grab?
Children: /g/ /r/ /a/ /b/. Four sounds.
Phoneme deletion correct answers Children recognize the word that remains when a phoneme is
removed from another word.
Teacher: What is smile without the /s/?
Children: Smile without the /s/ is mile.
Phoneme addition correct answers Children make a new word by adding a phoneme to an
existing word.
Teacher: What word do you have if you add /s/ to the beginning of park?
Children: Spark.
phoneme substitution correct answers Children substitute one phoneme for another to make a
new word.
Teacher: The word is bug. Change /g/ to /n/. What's the new word?
Children: bun.
How does phonemic instruction help children learn to read? correct answers - improves their
ability to read words
, - also improves comprehension- less time spent decoding which allows students to read rapidly
and accurately. This allows students to focus on meaning of what they are reading instead of
only focusing on decoding the words
How does phonemic instruction help children learn to spell? correct answers -Particularly
segmentation helps
- Children understand each sound has a grapheme representation used to spell. They relate the
letters to the sounds they hear
Alphabetic Principle correct answers an understanding that letters and letter patterns represent
the sounds of spoken words.
Environmental Print correct answers print found authentically in our environment (stop sign,
labels on food, logos on billboards)
Emergent Literacy correct answers "There is not a point in a child's life when literacy begins;
rather it is a continuous process of learning." This means that we are emerging in our
understanding of literacy
before we can even speak
Book Handling Skills correct answers illustrates a children's knowledge of how books "work".
How to hold the book, tracking print from left to right, front and back cover, title page,
dedication page etc.
Characteristics of Emergent Readers correct answers - Understands that print carries meaning
- Pretend "reads" using book handling skills
- squiggles or strings of letters to mimic writing
- building phonological awareness (rhyming)
- developing knowledge of letter names
- may begin to develop some alphabetic principle knowledge
The Three Cueing Systems correct answers -Semantics
-Syntax
- Phonics
Capable readers use all 3. Teachers must teach all 3
Semantics correct answers Does it make sense?
- illustrations
-story structure
-background knowledge
- book knowledge
Syntax correct answers Does it sound right?
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