1. Healthcare workers should wear the proper size of N95 mask or higher-level
respirator for patients with airborne precautions (ex: measles, varicella,
tuberculosis).
2. A beam spoiler is used in larger fields like Total Body Irradiation (TBI) and
eliminates skin sparing.
3. Compton effects, also known as Compton scattering is a photon interaction that
causes scatter. The photon interacts with an outer shell atomic electron and gives
up partial energy before it changes direction.
4. Vehicles include fomites, which are inanimate objects such as medical equipment
which can allow for indirect transmission of infectious agents.
5. Palladium (Pd-103) is commonly used for permanent implants for prostate
cancer treatments and has a half-life of 17 days.
6. Cachexia = malnutrition and wasting due to an illness. Symptoms include early
satiety, electrolyte imbalance and water imbalance disease as well as loss of fat
and muscle.
t 12
7. A=A (0.5)t =800( 0.5) 6 =200 mCi
1/2
o
8. HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) = Protects and
secures patient’s healthcare data and privacy. Explains that a patient’s
information can be talked about only by those who are directly involved in the
patient’s care.
9. Frequency = the number of waves that pass through a point in a certain amount
of time. Measured in Hertz (Hz) = 1 cycle per second.
10. Ultrasound and MRI do not use radiation to create images, but nuclear medicine,
radiography and computed tomography do. Ultrasound uses high-frequency
sound waves and MRI use radiofrequency waves and a magnetic field.
2ab 2 x 8 x 18
11. Equivalent square can be found by the equation = = 11.07 x 11.07 cm
a+b 8+18
, 12. Implied consent = it is implied the patient would give consent if they were able to
because there is no obvious reason for the patient to refuse treatment.
13. Laser checks, audio and visual monitoring and beam on indicator lights are all
daily checks. Vault shielding is not checked daily.
14. Akimbo is when the arm is angled outwards, with hands on hip and elbows bent.
15. Living wills are legal documents that state the patient’s choice for their health
care when they become terminally sick.
16. Shoulder straps and arm pulls assist in lower the patient’s shoulder in the caudal
direction (toward feet) to move further away from the treatment field.
17. Palliative treatments have a goal to alleviate the patient’s symptoms, such as
reducing pain, stopping pelvic bleeding, improving breathing, etc.
18. Stochastic radiation responses are also known as probabilistic effect. They are
common for low-dose exposure and late responses. Effects have a probability of
occurring depending on the radiation dose.
19. Monitor units are not found in the treatment prescription, but are found on the
treatment plan.
20.If the patient was treated at 99 cm instead of 100 cm, they were treated closer to
the source which would be an overdose.
21. Compensators are meant to create a homogeneous isodose distribution within the
patient. Dynamic MLCs (IMRT), wedges, bolus, and cerrobend compensators can
provide homogenous dose distributions.
22. Colorectal cancer has multiple screening tests: colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, and
stool tests (fecal occult blood tests and stool DNA tests).
23. Cervical cancer screening is the Pap test (Papanicolaou smear). This is a cytology
test that looks for cell changes.
24. The structure outlined in yellow is the liver. The tolerance dose to 3/3 of liver is
3000 cGy.
25. Higher beam energies require higher HVLs. 6 MV is the highest beam energy
listed.
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