Green Algae - answer-____________ called charophytes are the closest relatives of
b b b b b b b b b b
land plants.
b b
Land plants share four key traits with only charophytes - answer-• Rings of cellulose-
b b b b b b b b b b b b b
synthesizing complexes b
• Peroxisome enzymes
b b
• Structure of flagellated sperm
b b b b
• Formation of a phragmoplast
b b b b
Sporopollenin - answer-In charophytes a layer of a durable polymer called
b b b b b b b b b b
_____________ prevents exposed zygotes from drying out
b b b b b b b
Sporopollenin - answer-______________ is also found in plant spore walls
b b b b b b b b b
Four key traits appear in nearly all land plants but are absent in the charophytes -
b b b b b b b b b b b b b b b
banswer-• Alternation of generations and multicellular, dependent embryos
b b b b b b b
• Walled spores produced in sporangia
b b b b b
• Multicellular gametangia
b b b
• Apical meristems
b b
Alternation of Generations - answer-Plants alternate between two multicellular stages, a
b b b b b b b b b b
reproductive cycle called ___________
b b b b
Gametophyte - answer-The ____________ is haploid and produces haploid gametes by
b b b b b b b b b b
mitosis
b
Placental transfer cells - answer-Nutrients are transferred from parent to embryo
b b b b b b b b b b
through ___________________
b b
Embryophytes - answer-Land plants are called ____________ because of the
b b b b b b b b b
dependency of the embryo on the parent
b b b b b b b
Sporangia - answer-The sporophyte produces spores in organs called ____________
b b b b b b b b b
, Sporocytes - answer-Diploid cells called ___________ undergo meiosis to generate
b b b b b b b b b
haploid spores
b b
Sporopollenin - answer-Spore walls contain _______________, which makes them
b b b b b b b b
resistant to harsh environments
b b b b
Gametangia - answer-Gametes are produced within organs called ______________
b b b b b b b b
Archegonia - answer-Female gametangia, called ____________, produce eggs and are
b b b b b b b b b
the site of fertilization
b b b b
Antheridia - answer-Male gametangia, called ____________, produce and release
b b b b b b b b
sperm
b
Apical meristems - answer-Plants sustain continual growth in their ____________
b b b b b b b b b
Cuticle - answer-A waxy covering of the epidermis
b b b b b b b
Vascular tissue - answer-Land plants can be informally grouped based on the presence
b b b b b b b b b b b b
or absence of _____________
b b b b
Vascular plants - answer-Most plants have vascular tissue; these constitute the
b b b b b b b b b b
_______________
b
Bryophytes - answer-Nonvascular plants are commonly called ________
b b b b b b b
Bryophytes - answer-_____________ are not a monophyletic group; their relationships
b b b b b b b b b
to each other and to vascular plants is unresolved
b b b b b b b b b
Lycophytes - answer-Club mosses and their relatives
b b b b b b
Seed - answer-A _________ is an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective
b b b b b b b b b b b b
coat
b
Gymnosperms - answer-The "naked seed" plants, including the conifersb b b b b b b b
Angiosperms - answer-The flowering plants b b b b
Pterophytes - answer-Ferns and their relatives b b b b b
Bryophytes - answer-Refers to all nonvascular plants
b b b b b b
Bryophyta - answer-Refers only to the phylum of mosses
b b b b b b b b
Protonema - answer-A spore germinates into a gametophyte composed of a
b b b b b b b b b b
____________ and gamete-producing gametophore.
b b b b
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