Neurological Control - Answer-- BP rises
- Arteries stretched
- Baroreceptors increase firing rate
- Vasodilation
- Reduced heart rate
- BP decreases
- Baroreceptors sense decrease in BP
- Signal brain for vasoconstriction
- BP rises
Hormonal Control (RAAS) - Answer-- Low BP
- Angiotensinogen (hormone from liver)
- Kidneys release: Renin (enzyme that breaks down angiotensinogen)
- Angiotensin I forms
- ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme)
- Angiotensin II forms = vaosconstrictor + causes release of aldosterone
Aldosterone - Answer-- Promotes Na and Water retention in kidneys
- Increases blood volume and pressure
- Increases CO
, epinephrine and norepinephrine - Answer-- Constrict most blood vessels, increasing BP
- Dilate blood vessels in skeletal and cardiac muscle
Why older adults are at risk for impaired perfusion? - Answer-- Arterial stiffening =
increases myocardium work load
- CO decreases due to decreased strength/stroke volume
- less mobility
- medications
- high salt
- decreased baroreceptor sensitivity
- Elevated serum lipids
High Systolic Pressure - Answer-Resistance the heart has to pump against is high
High Diastolic Pressure - Answer-High resistance of small arteries
Hypertension - Answer-- High blood pressure 140/90 or more
- Due to imbalance between CO/TPR
At risk for Hypertension - Answer-- Males
- Elderly
- African ancestry
Primary Hypertension - Answer-- 95% of cases
- Unknown cause
- Sodium
- Lack of exercise
- Obesity
- Stress
Secondary Hypertension - Answer-- Known cause
- Kidney disease
- Tumours
- Atherosclerosis
Stage 1 Hypertension - Answer-140-159
90-99
Stage 2 Hypertension - Answer-> 160
> 100
Stage 3 Hypertension - Answer-> 180
> 110
Complications of Hypertension - Answer-- Kidneys (Renal insufficiency)
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