loop of Henle correct answers where Na+ is reabsorbed from the filtrate moving through the nephron
This is ultimately the mechanism whereby the kidneys concentrate urine - section of the nephron tubule that conserves water and minimizes the volume of urine
action potentials result in correct ...
AAMC Biology, AAMC FL #1/2 B/B || A Verified A+ Pass.
loop of Henle correct answers where Na+ is reabsorbed from the filtrate moving through the
nephron
This is ultimately the mechanism whereby the kidneys concentrate urine - section of the nephron
tubule that conserves water and minimizes the volume of urine
action potentials result in correct answers an increased permeability of the plasma membrane to
sodium - Na+ in causes depolarization
hyperglycemia promotes cellular dehydration because correct answers glucose molecules raise
the osmotic pressure of the extracellular space
extracellular fluid correct answers fluid outside the cell
Ex: blood plasma and lymph
lipases correct answers catalyze the hydrolysis of fats and other carboxylic esters
break down lipids
Bacteria can exchange genes by three processes: correct answers conjugation, transformation and
transduction
Conjugation: involves production of a special conjugation pilus (sex pilus) by one bacterium and
transfer through it of DNA to another bacterium - requires special genes for the pilus and these
are usually present on a plasmid, a separate extragenomic strand of DNA not incorporated into
the bacterium's own DNA. This plasmid is referred to as the fertility or F factor. Conjugation is a
feature of Gram-negative bacteria. It confers the advantages of sexual reproduction on the
bacterium.
Transformation: bacteria take up DNA from their surroundings, the media in which they are
immersed
Transduction: process whereby genes are transferred by a virus
Inflation of lungs by correct answers negative pressure pumping action
genes correct answers DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary
transmission.
nucleic acids correct answers linear arrangement of the component nucleotides
mitosis correct answers PMAT and cytokinesis
,meiosis correct answers Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing
organisms
PMAT and meiosis II PMAT
translation correct answers Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced
transcription correct answers synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
DNA polymerase correct answers Enzyme involved in DNA replication that joins individual
nucleotides to produce a DNA molecule
RNA polymerase correct answers enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA
nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template
amitotic correct answers division into two uneven nuclei
vertebrate oocyte correct answers divides in meiosis and the cytoplasm is distributed to the two
daughter cells. Most of it goes to the daughter cell destined to be the ovum. The other daughter
cells, the polar bodies, are cast off with little cytoplasm. The amount of nuclear material in each,
however, is the same
Polyploidy correct answers having more than two copies of each chromosome
Macronuclei correct answers develop from micronuclei; control cellular function; divide when
ciliates reproduce asexually by mitosis
are polyploid and undergo direct division without mitosis. It controls the non-reproductive cell
functions, such as metabolism.
does not go through the process of meiosis
provide the proteins for the cell's day-to-day functioning such as transcription, translation, and
ribosome production
do not participate in mating
Micronuclei correct answers forms whenever a chromosome or a fragment of a chromosome is
not incorporated into one of the daughter nuclei during cell division. It usually is a sign of
genotoxic events and chromosomal instability.
antisense genes that are incorporated into the genome of their target gene correct answers would
need to be regulated in a manner similar to the manner in which the target gene is regulated so
that the antisense RNA is produced at the same time that the sense mRNA is produced. This
would ensure that the antisense RNA is available to bind with the sense mRNA, thereby
preventing its subsequent translation
, effective delivery via infection of an embryo by a virus modified to carry the gene.
oligonucleotides correct answers short nucleotide sequences
used in PCR and as complementary genetic probes to identify specific gene sequences
Myoglobin correct answers the substance that holds oxygen in the muscles and organs
Control of heart rate, muscle coordination, and appetite is maintained by the: correct answers
brain stem, cerebellum, and hypothalamus, respectively.
efferent nerve terminal correct answers is a motor, not a sensory, site
interneuron - neuron which transmits impulses between other neurons, especially as part of a
reflex arc
To cognitively process the sensation of pain: correct answers could add more neurons in the
between muscle and painful stimulus that could act as interneurons to other neural pathways
Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic correct answers nucleus vs. no nucleus
membrane bound organelles vs. no
bigger vs. smaller
key difference between mitosis and meiosis correct answers occurs during anaphase
During anaphase of mitosis, sister chromatids are pulled apart at the centromeres, each becoming
an independent chromosome in the two diploid daughter cells. During anaphase I of meiosis I,
homologous pairs of chromosomes are separated into the two daughter cells. However, each
chromosome still consists of two sister chromatids joined to each other at the centromere. It is
not until anaphase II of meiosis II that the centromere is split and the sister chromatids separate.
Deleterious genes correct answers Gene sequences that harm the ability of an organism to
survive
generally rare because they tend to be eliminated through natural selection
Inbreeding can reduce the fitness of a population because it causes an increase in the incidence of
expression of deleterious recessive traits.
plasma filtration correct answers separation of blood into plasma and cellular material
glomerulus correct answers A ball of capillaries surrounded by Bowman's capsule in the nephron
and serving as the site of filtration in the vertebrate kidney.
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