Unit: Biological And Biochemical Foundations Of Li
Unit: Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Li
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Unit: Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems Passages || with A+ Guaranteed Solutions.
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Unit: Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Li
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Unit: Biological And Biochemical Foundations Of Li
Which of the following would be a potential explanation for T-cell mediated autoimmune disease? correct answers Failure of apoptosis of self-recognizing T cells
A 25-year-old woman with lupus has been taking a medication that inhibits the effect of CD4- secreted cytokines, specifically Tumor Nec...
Unit: Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living
Systems Passages || with A+ Guaranteed Solutions.
Which of the following would be a potential explanation for T-cell mediated autoimmune
disease? correct answers Failure of apoptosis of self-recognizing T cells
A 25-year-old woman with lupus has been taking a medication that inhibits the effect of CD4-
secreted cytokines, specifically Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF). She comes to her physician's
office with a fever and a cough lasting for weeks. Based on her medical history, which of the
following is this patient at the greatest risk of developing? correct answers Blocking CD4
cytokines could block some of the immune functions of CD4 cells, causing the patient to be at
risk for infection. This is explicitly mentioned in the passage. One such infection is tuberculosis.
Which of the following is required for activation of naive T cells into effector cells? correct
answers MHC and costimulatory protein binding by T cells
Which of the following best describes the mechanism of T cell tolerance to host proteins? correct
answers The T cell binds MHC and antigen but not costimulatory molecules
Assume that the kitten's sutured eye depicted in Figure 1 is in anatomical position. What can be
concluded about left and right cerebral hemisphere visual information input between P40 and
P90? correct answers Right cerebral hemisphere visual input is the same as the left cerebral
hemisphere.
If experiment 1 was repeated in humans and yielded similar results, why might it have clinical
applications for people with amblyopia? correct answers
What could be expected of the photopigment levels in P110 to P120 of Experiment 1? correct
answers So, when exposed to light, opsin levels will increase.
What are other potential symptoms the patient missing a cerebellum might experience? correct
answers The cerebellum is not only involved in motor control. It also controls speech. Lacking a
cerebellum might result in delayed language development.
Where else might a large concentration of Purkinje fibers be located?
Choose 1 answer: correct answers the heart
What might be an underlying consequence of the patient's condition? (missing cerebellum)
correct answers As such, the patient would have a decreased risk of disease and a decreased risk
of physical cranial trauma.
What does the patient's ability to properly walk with minimal difficulty indicate about the brain?
correct answers evidence of the brain's plasticity
In which order would inulin travel through the following renal structures?
, I: Collecting duct
II: Proximal tubule
III: Afferent arteriole
IV: Efferent arteriole
V: Glomerulus
VI: Distal tubule
VII: Loop of Henle correct answers III, V, II, VII, VI, I
The researchers would also like to measure the effects of diuretics on total renal plasma flow. To
approximate renal plasma flow based on a urine sample, they would want to measure the urine
concentration of a substance that is treated by the kidneys in which way? correct answers To
maximize the amount of a substance that is transferred into the urine we would want the
substance to be filtered and secreted.
Based on the measurements in Table 1, which substance(s) could be used to increase GFR?
correct answers
Bumetanide is a diuretic drug that prevents reabsorption of salts and other solutes from the
ascending limb of the nephron. How would bumetanide affect the body's rate of inulin clearance?
correct answers Inulin is filtered through the glomeruli, but not reabsorbed or secreted. This
makes inulin clearance proportional to glomerular filtration rate (GFR). How would bumetanide
affect GFR?
We can infer that bumetanide would have no effect on GFR and therefore no effect on inulin
clearance.
In the nephron, blood flows from the afferent arteriole, to the glomerulus, to the efferent
arteriole, and to the peritubular capillaries. The efferent arteriole most closely resembles which
of the following vascular structures? correct answers When a capillary bed recollects into a
larger vessel and then divides into another capillary bed before returning to the heart, this is
called a portal system. The efferent arteriole connects two capillary beds and therefore resembles
a portal blood vessel.
Which of the following would be likely to increase blood glucose levels of a diabetic patient?
correct answers AMP and Metformin both activate AMPK, while Compound K is a direct
inhibitor of AMPK. Therefore, Compound K is likely to increase blood glucose levels of a
diabetic patient.
How would starving the rats for 24 hours prior to experimentation affect the activity of the
extracted hepatocytes? correct answers The hepatocytes would have an increased rate of
glycogenolysis.
Which of the following are possible explanations for why metformin increases AMPK activity in
hepatocytes, but not in vitro?
I: Metformin acts on a protein upstream of AMPK
II: An inhibitor of AMPK is present in the in vitro experiment
III: Metformin changes the sensitivity of AMPK to phosphorylation
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