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DeWitt Echocardiography CH: 11 Ischemic Heart Disease Questions with Correct Answers
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DeWitt Echocardiography CH: 11 Ischemic Heart Disease Questions with Correct Answers
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DeWitt Echocardiography CH: 11 Ischemic HeartDisease Questions with Correct Answers
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) Definition Correct Answer-known as
"Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)", "Coronary Artery Disease (CHD)",
atherosclerosis, and narrowing/hardening of the arteries; supply must =
demand
An occluded coronary artery slows/blocks blood supply --> heart, when
demand > supply --> myocardium progresses through 3 stages: Correct
Answer-(1) ischemia = caused by an inc. demand, dec. supply, or both
(2) injury = myocardial cell injury occurs when the ischemic process is
more severe
(3) acute myocardial infarction (MI) = myocardial ischemic exceeds the
heart's threshold for an extended period and = irreversible cell damage
or death (necrosis); MI severity depends on level of occlusion within
coronary artery, length of time of the occlusion, & the presence/absence
of collateral circulation
MI Classification Systems Correct Answer-(1) EKG
(2) Anatomic
(3) Clinical
MI Classification Systems: EKG Correct Answer-STEMI (ST-segment
elevation MI) = 70% of MI's; plaque rupture --> complete occlusion of
an already atherosclerotic major coronary artery
, NSTEMI or NON-STEMI (Non-ST-segment elevation MI) = 30% of
MI's; partial occlusion of an already atherosclerotic major coronary
artery or complete occlusion of a minor coronary artery
MI Classification Systems: Anatomic Correct Answer-TRANSMURAL
MI = extends the entire thickness of the heart wall (endocardium,
myocardium, & epicardium)
NON-TRANSMURAL MI ("SUBENDOCARDIAL MI") = does not
extend the entire thickness of the heart wall; limited to the endocardium
or endocardium & myocardium
MI Classification Systems: Clinical Correct Answer-TYPE 1 =
spontaneous MI (due to plaque, rupture, thrombotic occlusion)
TYPE 2 = due to supply and demand issue
TYPE 3 = associated with sudden death
TYPE 4a = associated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
TYPE 4b = associated with in-stent thrombosis
TYPE 5 = associated with coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
IHD Risk Factors Correct Answer-hyperlipidemia (elevated total
cholesterol, LDL, or triglycerides); diabetes mellitus (DM); hypertension
(HTN); tobacco use; male gender (gender difference narrows as age
increases); family history (atherosclerotic arterial disease)
IHD Additional Risk Factors Correct Answer-elevated C-reactive
protein (produced by liver, indicates inflammation); insulin resistance;
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