Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) correct answers -Restores FRC
-Similar to PEEP
-Pressure delivered continuously during spontaneous breathing (during inspiration & expiration)
-Helps pt maintain open alveoli to promote gas exchange & improve oxygenation
-Helpful for pts who retain CO2...
CPAP & BiPAP/Complications PP || A+ Guaranteed.
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) correct answers -Restores FRC
-Similar to PEEP
-Pressure delivered continuously during spontaneous breathing (during inspiration & expiration)
-Helps pt maintain open alveoli to promote gas exchange & improve oxygenation
-Helpful for pts who retain CO2
CPAP more info correct answers -Used to treat obstructive sleep apnea
-Administered noninvasively by mask, ET, or tracheal tube
-↑ WOB: use with caution in patients with myocardial compromise
-Pt has to forcibly exhale against the CPAP
BiPAP correct answers -Bilevel positive airway pressure
-Delivers oxygen and two levels of + pressure support
1. Higher inspiratory positive airway pressure
2. Lower expiratory positive airway pressure
BiPAP more info correct answers -Noninvasive
-Via tight-fitting face mask, nasal mask, or nasal pillows
-Patient must be able to breathe spontaneously and cooperate
BiPAP contraindications correct answers -Shock
-Altered mental status
-Increased airway secretions
-Unstable hemodynamic status
-Cardiac dysrhthymias
-Myocardial ischemia
-Unable to get proper mask fit
, Note about eating/drinking with BiPAP correct answers Must wait 1 hour after eating/drinking to
put on BiPAP (to avoid aspiration)
End goals of BiPAP correct answers -Improved oxygenation
-Decreased CO2 retention
-Improved sleep
-Enhanced quality of life
-Reduce morbidity
Nitric oxide correct answers -Gas molecule made up intravascularly
-When we inhibit NO productive, we get pulmonary vasoconstriction
-Continuous inhaled NO → pulmonary vasodilation
-Given via ET tube, tracheostomy, or face mask
-Treat ARDS
-Dx testing for pulmonary hypertension during cardiac cath
-Cardiac surgery
Prone-positioning correct answers -Positioning patient on stomach with face down
-Improves lung recruitment (expansion of alveoli)
-Gravity reverses effects of fluid in dependent parts of lungs
-Heart rests on sternum (away from lungs)→ uniformity of pleural pressures
-Nurse-intensive therapy
Complications of Positive Pressure Ventilation: Cardiovascular system correct answers -↑ Mean
airway pressure transmitted to thoracic cavity → vessels compressed → decreased venous return
to heart
↓Preload
↓Cardiac output
↓ Blood pressure
-Monitor for hypotension & for s/sx of good cardiac output (peripheral pulses, etc)
-PEEP increases effect (anything over 5 cm, puts extra pressure on vessels)
Complications of PPV: Pneumomediastinum correct answers -Rupture of alveoli into lung
interstitium
-Progressive air movement into mediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema
-Diminished/absent breath sounds
-Followed by pneumothorax
-Will see a sudden onset of agitation/cough; changes in BP & ABG's; high pressure alarm
Complications of PPV: Volumtrauma correct answers -Lung injury that occurs when large tidal
are used to ventilate noncompliant lungs
-Alveolar fractures and movement of fluids and proteins into alveolar spaces
-This inhibits gas exchange
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