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CPAP & BiPAP/Complications PP || A+ Guaranteed.

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Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) correct answers -Restores FRC -Similar to PEEP -Pressure delivered continuously during spontaneous breathing (during inspiration & expiration) -Helps pt maintain open alveoli to promote gas exchange & improve oxygenation -Helpful for pts who retain CO2...

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  • August 20, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • CPAP & BiPAP/Complications PP
  • CPAP & BiPAP/Complications PP
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CPAP & BiPAP/Complications PP || A+ Guaranteed.
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) correct answers -Restores FRC
-Similar to PEEP
-Pressure delivered continuously during spontaneous breathing (during inspiration & expiration)
-Helps pt maintain open alveoli to promote gas exchange & improve oxygenation
-Helpful for pts who retain CO2

CPAP more info correct answers -Used to treat obstructive sleep apnea
-Administered noninvasively by mask, ET, or tracheal tube
-↑ WOB: use with caution in patients with myocardial compromise
-Pt has to forcibly exhale against the CPAP

BiPAP correct answers -Bilevel positive airway pressure
-Delivers oxygen and two levels of + pressure support
1. Higher inspiratory positive airway pressure
2. Lower expiratory positive airway pressure

BiPap: Higher inspiratory positive airway pressure correct answers -Helps provide inspiratory
assistance
-Help increase tidal volume
-Help increase alveolar ventilation

BiPAP: Lower expiratory positive airway pressure correct answers -Helps prevent airway
closure on expiration
-Help increase FRC
-Help re-expand lungs & improve oxygenation

BiPAP more info correct answers -Noninvasive
-Via tight-fitting face mask, nasal mask, or nasal pillows
-Patient must be able to breathe spontaneously and cooperate

BiPAP indications correct answers -COPD
-HF
-Acute respiratory failure
-Respiratory distress (used to avoid intubation)
-Sleep apnea
-Used post-extubation to prevent re-extubation

BiPAP contraindications correct answers -Shock
-Altered mental status
-Increased airway secretions
-Unstable hemodynamic status
-Cardiac dysrhthymias
-Myocardial ischemia
-Unable to get proper mask fit

, Note about eating/drinking with BiPAP correct answers Must wait 1 hour after eating/drinking to
put on BiPAP (to avoid aspiration)

End goals of BiPAP correct answers -Improved oxygenation
-Decreased CO2 retention
-Improved sleep
-Enhanced quality of life
-Reduce morbidity

Nitric oxide correct answers -Gas molecule made up intravascularly
-When we inhibit NO productive, we get pulmonary vasoconstriction
-Continuous inhaled NO → pulmonary vasodilation
-Given via ET tube, tracheostomy, or face mask
-Treat ARDS
-Dx testing for pulmonary hypertension during cardiac cath
-Cardiac surgery

Prone-positioning correct answers -Positioning patient on stomach with face down
-Improves lung recruitment (expansion of alveoli)
-Gravity reverses effects of fluid in dependent parts of lungs
-Heart rests on sternum (away from lungs)→ uniformity of pleural pressures
-Nurse-intensive therapy

Complications of Positive Pressure Ventilation: Cardiovascular system correct answers -↑ Mean
airway pressure transmitted to thoracic cavity → vessels compressed → decreased venous return
to heart
↓Preload
↓Cardiac output
↓ Blood pressure
-Monitor for hypotension & for s/sx of good cardiac output (peripheral pulses, etc)
-PEEP increases effect (anything over 5 cm, puts extra pressure on vessels)

Complications of PPV: Pneumomediastinum correct answers -Rupture of alveoli into lung
interstitium
-Progressive air movement into mediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema
-Diminished/absent breath sounds
-Followed by pneumothorax
-Will see a sudden onset of agitation/cough; changes in BP & ABG's; high pressure alarm

Complications of PPV: Volumtrauma correct answers -Lung injury that occurs when large tidal
are used to ventilate noncompliant lungs
-Alveolar fractures and movement of fluids and proteins into alveolar spaces
-This inhibits gas exchange

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