BISC 220 Exam 1 || All Questions Answered Correctly.
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Course
BISC 220
Institution
BISC 220
Valency correct answers How many electrons the atom need to fill shell
- Shell 1: 2e-
- Shell 2: 8e-
- Shell 3: 18e-
Covalent bonds correct answers - Sharing of electrons between atoms of the same or different element
Compound correct answers - combo of 2+ different elements
Electrone...
BISC 220 Exam 1 || All Questions Answered Correctly.
Valency correct answers How many electrons the atom need to fill shell
- Shell 1: 2e-
- Shell 2: 8e-
- Shell 3: 18e-
Covalent bonds correct answers - Sharing of electrons between atoms of the same or different
element
Compound correct answers - combo of 2+ different elements
Electronegativity correct answers - Atoms attraction for e- in covalent bond (EX: H2O)
- Determines the distribution of e- w/in a covalent bond
- higher value = stronger attraction of electrons
EX: O = 3.5, N = 3.0
Nonpolar covalent
Polar covalent correct answers - similar electronegativities -> electrons shared equally
~ greater potential E
- dissimilar EN -> electrons shared unequally
Ionic bonds
Ion correct answers - Atom w/stronger affinity strip e- from bonding partners
EX: Na -> e- -> Cl
- ion:charged atom/molecule
Ionic compounds (salts) correct answers - formed with ionic bonds
EX: NaCl
- Solution
- Solvent
- Solute
- Aqueous solution correct answers - homogeneous mix of substance (liq)
- dissolving agent in sol'n
- substance dissolved
- sol'n where water is the solvent
Water: Solvent of Life
- ionic compound correct answers - versatile solvent b/c polarity
- even large polar molecules (proteins) dissolved in H2O IF they have ionic & polar regions
~ ionic compound dissolved in H2O-> each ion surrounded by hydration shell (sphere water
molecules)
- H in water attracted to Cl-
- O in water attracted to Na+
,Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic correct answers - substance that has affinity for H2O (polar)
- substance that does not have affinity for H2O (non-polar -> lipids & oils)
Hydronium
Hydroxide
Acid
Base correct answers - Molecules with extra proton (H3O+ or H+)
- molecule that lost proton (OH-)
- substance that increases [H+] of sol'n
- substance that reduces [H+] of sol'n
7 -> [OH-] = [H+]
Carbon correct answers - 4 e- to share -> can make 4 separate covalent bonds
- can make large, complex molecules
- O-chem -> study of molecules with C
4 variations of C-skeletons correct answers 1) length
- EX: Ethane & Propane
2) Branching
- EX: Butane & isobutane
3) Double bond position
- EX: 1-Butene & 2-Butene
4) Presence of rings
- EX: Cyclohexane & Benzene
Bond influence on shape correct answers - Each carbon bonded to 4 other atoms forms a
tetrahedral shape
- 2 C joined by double bond => other atoms on same plane as carbons
Isomers
- Structural
- Cis-trans
- Enantiomers
~ importance correct answers - compounds w/same molecule formula but different structures &
properties
1. have different covalent arrangements of atoms
2. same covalent bonds but different spatial arrangement
3. mirror images
- important in pharmeceutical industries: two enantiomers of drug -> different effects
- usually only one bio active
EX: Ibuprofen S - effective, R - ineffective
Albuterol is opposite
Functional Groups of Organic Compounds correct answers Hydroxl: OH (alcohols)
~ polar, can form H-bonds w/H20. help dissolve O-compounds like sugars
, Carbonyl: C=O
~ Ketones: if within C-skeleton
~ Aldehydes: at the end of C-skeleton
Carboxyl: COOH
~ carboxylic acids/O-acids
~ can donate H+
Amino: NH2
~ Amines (EX: Glycine)
~ base -> takes up H+
Sulfhydryl: SH
~ Thios (ex: cysteine)
~ help stabilize protein structure
Phosphate: PO4
~ Organic phosphates (ex: glycerol)
~ contribute - charge
~ molecule w/phosphate have potential to react w/H2O releasing E
Methyl: CH3
~ Methylated compounds (ex: 5-methyl cytidine)
~ DNA + methyl group -> affect gene expression
~ arrangement of methyl group affect shape and (f) in males & females
Polymers & Monomers
- 4 classes correct answers P: long molecule consisting of building blocks
M: repeating units that serve as building blocks
Polymer Classes:
1. Carbohydrates (poly)
~ mono: sugar/monosaccharide
2. Lipids
~ mono: glycerol & FA
3. Proteins
~ mono: amino acid
4. Nucleic Acids
~ mono: sugar/nucleotide bases
Dehydration Reaction
Hydrolysis correct answers - 2 monomers bond together via the loss of H2O molecule
- reverse of dehydration
~ polymers disassembled to monomers
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