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PSCI 210 FINAL TEST WITH CORRECT ANSWERS NEW UPDATE Thinking with Different people and Rational Thinking - Answer-Understanding the different experiences of the same events with different people. For example, a mother might not like the movie Everything Everywhere All at Once for its nonsensica...

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  • August 21, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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PSCI 210 FINAL TEST WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS NEW UPDATE

Thinking with Different people and Rational Thinking - Answer-Understanding the
different experiences of the same events with different people. For example, a mother
might not like the movie Everything Everywhere All at Once for its nonsensical story
while their daughter would enjoy the movie for its underlying themes.

Analytical thinking -being smart- isn't enough - Answer-It takes a certain "character" and
a emotional capacity to think well consistently. Thinking well involves more than just
analytical thinking (being smart). In order to think well, one must be rational, and being
rational requires the suppression of all feelings, according to Jacobs.

Example, Wilt Chamberlain - Answer-One of the best basketball players, but wasn't the
best at free throws. When recommended to underhand his throws to increase his stats,
he rejected it in preference for looking cool. Not every single approach will work the
same way because everyone thinks differently.

YPU Debate Club - Answer-A club at Yale that partakes in debates casually instead of
competitively. As Jacobs puts it "At the end of a debate, no one won and no points were
rewarded." It was competitive in a different way, when they kept score it counted in
converts. What really mattered was if you won someone over and for something you
actually believed in. Leah Lebresco was an atheist at a very Catholic and Orthodox
Christian University, she didn't have ready refutations on their views which didn't matter
until she joined this club.

Getting broken on the floor - Answer-Having your opinions changed in the middle of
debate, but requires emotional availability and intellectual vulnerability to be open to
being wrong about something.

To bind and to blind - Answer-Basically refers to how constant system two thinking can
drain us, so we make friend groups with similarities (bind), that could create echo
chambers of likes and dislikes, but could turn us against others with different likes (bind)
but could not properly look for things that could be wrong about it (blind spot).

Inner rings - Answer-C.S. Lewis came up with this idea when he was in boarding school
where roughhousing boys made him feel excluded. We will always be in some inner
rings during our lives, but these rings harden thinking, where members conform in order
to belong. Basically, it's hard to think when belonging is contingent on conformity. In our
textbook Jacobs talks about how the only real remedy for the dangers of false belonging
is the true belonging to, true membership in, and fellowship of people who are not so
much like-minded as like-hearted.

, Other names for inner rings - Answer-In-groups and Out-groups, othering, orientalism.

.....Example: Political parties and dating - Answer-If politics have created a sense of
identity surrounding it, it makes it difficult to not only think, but to create a stable
community.

Jacob and Harper's Magazine - Answer-Jacobs wanted to be in an article of a reputable
magazine, and tried to write for his views, Harper's audience, and also wanted to look
attractive to the editors as well. It is hard for us to even know if we are thinking well or
not... "Did you speak your heart's truth? Or did you simply seek to please?" Self-
knowledge and authenticity is hard. Rather than chase inner rings, pursue the
negotiating posture. Negotiating posture is to approach people around you, be more
mindful of them than you are to yourself.

In-groups against the out-groups - Answer-A sociological and psychological concept,
the desire to punish the out-group is significantly stronger than the desire to support the
in-group. We must reject this impulse in order to be good thinkers. At some point the in-
group might become the out-group. This is a natural outcome in all democracies.

Example of in-group against the out-group - Answer-Democrats were happy for this
year's election not only because it's a win for them, but a loss for Republicans. The
same could be said if the opposite happened.

If in-groups and out-groups can swap places at some point, how do they interact and
deal with each other? - Answer-Replace "the other" with "my neighbor". This creates a
negotiating posture so that people aren't mean back to us. Part of being neighborly is
that we live among one another and must be respectful even if we aren't friends or
enemies.

Example of this is the Case of South Africa - Answer-Black South Africans were a
majority compared to white South Africans, but were oppressed due to Apartheid, which
ended. Rather than subjecting the whites, Mandela resisted all of the urges to punish
the out-group, possibly saving years of civil war.

What words do - Answer-Language is the building blocks for communication and
understanding helps simplify complexity by describing someone or something in a
meaningful way. THE PROBLEM- keywords can keep us from or cause us to avoid
thinking, even though the words have weighted meaning.

How does Jacobs define discipline? - Answer-Routine or norms meant to improve or
help you in some way (like going to the gym!)

What is the book about? - Answer-Little book presumptuous title. Many scholarly and
contemporary references, more than just a "How to" book. More about understanding

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