PSCI 1101 Midterm 1 Test with A+ Graded Solutions
separation of powers - Answer-The principle of dividing governmental powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government.
checks and balances - Answer-A major principle of American government in which each of the three b...
PSCI 1101 Midterm 1 Test with A+
Graded Solutions
separation of powers - Answer-The principle of dividing governmental powers among
the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government.
checks and balances - Answer-A major principle of American government in which each
of the three branches is given the means to check (to restrain or balance) the actions of
the others.
veto power - Answer-A constitutional power that enables the chief executive (president
or governor) to reject legislation and return it to the legislature with reasons for the
rejection. This either prevents or delays the bill from becoming law.
federalism - Answer-A system of shared sovereignty between two levels of
government— one national and one subnational—occupying the same geographic
region.
unitary system - Answer-A centralized governmental system in which local or
subdivisional governments exercise only those powers given to them by the central
government.
confederal system - Answer-A league of independent sovereign states, joined together
by a central government that has only limited powers over them..
division of powers - Answer-A basic principle of federalism established by the U.S.
Constitution, by which powers are divided between the national and state governments.
expressed powers - Answer-Constitutional or statutory powers that are expressly
provided for by the U.S. Constitution; also called enumerated powers.
implied powers - Answer-The powers of the federal government that are implied by the
expressed powers in the Constitution, particularly in Article I, Section 8.
necessary and proper clause - Answer-Article I, Section 8, Clause 18, of the
Constitution, which gives Congress the power to make all laws "necessary and proper"
for the federal government to carry out its responsibilities; also called the elastic clause.
inherent powers - Answer-The powers of the national government that, although not
always expressly granted by the Constitution, are necessary to ensure the nation's
integrity and survival as a political unit.
, police powers - Answer-The powers of a government body that enable it to create laws
for the protection of the health, safety, welfare, and morals of the people. In the United
States, most police powers are reserved to the states.
concurrent powers - Answer-Powers held by both the federal and the state governments
in a federal system.
supremacy clause - Answer-Article VI, Clause 2, of the Constitution, which makes the
Constitution and federal laws superior to all conflicting state and local laws.
secession - Answer-The act of formally withdrawing from membership in an alliance; the
withdrawal of a state from the federal Union.
dual federalism - Answer-A system of government in which the federal and the state
governments maintain diverse but sovereign powers.
cooperative federalism - Answer-A model of federalism in which the states and the
federal government cooperate in solving problems.
New Deal - Answer-The policies ushered in by the Roosevelt administration in 1933 in
an attempt to bring the United States out of the Great Depression.
picket-fence federalism - Answer-A model of federalism in which specific policies and
programs are administered by all levels of government—national, state, and local.
preemption - Answer-A doctrine rooted in the supremacy clause of the Constitution that
provides that national laws or regulations governing a certain area take precedence
over conflicting state laws or regulations governing that same area.
new federalism - Answer-A plan to limit the federal government's role in regulating state
governments and to give the states increased power in deciding how they should spend
government revenues.
devolution - Answer-The surrender or transfer of powers to local authorities by a central
government.
federal mandate - Answer-A requirement in federal legislation that forces states and
municipalities to comply with certain rules.
fiscal federalism - Answer-The allocation of taxes collected by one level of government
(typically the national government) to another level (typically state or local
governments)..
categorical grant - Answer-A federal grant targeted for a specific purpose as defined by
federal law.
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