Congenital Heart Defects (CHD)
Aortic stenosis - correct answer ✔This defect is the narrowing or stricture of
the aortic valve, causing resistance to blood flow from the left ventricle into the
aorta, resulting in decreased CO, left ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary
vascular congestion
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) - correct answer ✔An abnormal opening between
the atria that causes increased flow of oxygenated blood into the right side of
the heart.
Atrioventricular Canal Defect (AVC) - correct answer ✔This defect results
from incomplete fusion of the endocardial cushions and is most common in
Down syndrome
Coarctation of the aorta - correct answer ✔This defect is the localized
narrowing near the insertion of the ductus arteriosus.
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome - correct answer ✔Underdevelopment of the
left side of the heart occurs, resulting in a hypoplastic left ventricle & aortic
atresia
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) - correct answer ✔This defect results from
failure of the shunt connecting the aorta & pulmonary artery to close within the
first weeks of life.
Pulmonary stenosis - correct answer ✔The narrowing at the entrance to the
pulmonary artery
Aortic stenosis - correct answer ✔This defect is the narrowing or stricture of
the aortic valve, causing resistance to blood flow from the left ventricle into the
aorta, resulting in decreased CO, left ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary
vascular congestion
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) - correct answer ✔An abnormal opening between
the atria that causes increased flow of oxygenated blood into the right side of
the heart.
Atrioventricular Canal Defect (AVC) - correct answer ✔This defect results
from incomplete fusion of the endocardial cushions and is most common in
Down syndrome
Coarctation of the aorta - correct answer ✔This defect is the localized
narrowing near the insertion of the ductus arteriosus.
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome - correct answer ✔Underdevelopment of the
left side of the heart occurs, resulting in a hypoplastic left ventricle & aortic
atresia
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) - correct answer ✔This defect results from
failure of the shunt connecting the aorta & pulmonary artery to close within the
first weeks of life.
Pulmonary stenosis - correct answer ✔The narrowing at the entrance to the
pulmonary artery
