MAN 336 - Exam 2 – Gray || with 100% Errorless Answers.
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MAN 336 -
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MAN 336 -
What is welfare framework? correct answers a decision is ethical based upon its consequences; ethical decisions maximize the collective benefits and minimize collective costs ("greatest good for the greatest number of people")
Ex) pushing the man onto the track is no different than re-routing the ...
MAN 336 - Exam 2 – Gray || with 100% Errorless Answers.
What is welfare framework? correct answers a decision is ethical based upon its consequences;
ethical decisions maximize the collective benefits and minimize collective costs ("greatest good
for the greatest number of people")
Ex) pushing the man onto the track is no different than re-routing the car; too big to fail bailout
Strengths and weaknesses of welfare framework correct answers Strengths = pragmatic and
focuses on collective goods not just individual
Weaknesses = uncertainty about the benefits and costs; ends don't always justify the means
What is freedom framework? correct answers people should be free to do what they want so long
as it does not harm others; laissez-faire (respecting individuals' voluntary choices)
Ex) civil liberties and inalienable rights; price-gouging in Florida
Strengths and weaknesses of freedom framework correct answers Strengths = simplistic and easy
to understand; upholds the individual
Weaknesses = is there a certain level of inequality that is unacceptable
What is virtue framework? correct answers a quest to live a life and promote a society that builds
moral character (ex- honesty, bravery, and generosity)
Ex) never pushing the man off the bridge; afghan goat-herders
Strengths and weaknesses of virtue framework correct answers Strengths = takes a clear stand on
certain acts as clearly wrong; focuses on intent
Weaknesses = judgmental or coercive towards those with different values
How does each ethical framework say the trolley car case should happen? correct answers
Welfare = pull the lever or push the man off the bridge because this is sacrificing one life for five
Virtue = would pull the lever but wouldn't push him because that would be actively killing an
innocent man
What is the process for reflecting on moral dilemmas using an example? correct answers 1.
Begin with an opinion - "turn trolley onto side track"
2. Seek principle on which this opinion is based - "it is better to sacrifice one life for five"
3. Revisit #2 when confronted with situation that confounds this principle - "it is better to save as
many lives as possible but it seems wrong to push a man off a bridge"
, What is cultural relativism? correct answers no culture's ethics are better than any other's and
therefore there are no international rights and wrongs; whatever culture you are in is the relative
one
What are the limitations to cultural relativism? correct answers inadequacy of cultural relativism
is apparent when the practices in question are more damaging than petty bribery; in many
countries, the combination of ineffective enforcement and inadequate regulations leads to
behavior by unscrupulous companies that is clearly wrong Cultural relativism is morally blind
and there are fundamental values that cross cultures and companies must up hold them.
What is ethical imperialism? correct answers directs people to do everywhere exactly as they do
at home. The theory behind ethical imperialism is absolutism, which is based on three
problematic principles: this principle states that there is a single list of truths, that they can be
expressed only with one set of concepts, and that they call for exactly the same behavior around
the world
What are the limitations of ethical imperialism? correct answers different cultural traditions
should be respected (ex- Japanese tradition of loyalty to community is the foundation for all
ethical behaviors), presumption that people must express moral truth using only one set of
concepts (entire cultural traditions are ignored), and the belief in a global standard of ethical
behavior (context must shape ethical practices)
How do you find the middle ground between cultural relativism and cultural imperialism?
correct answers Always respect core human values (safety, economic advancement, and
respectfulness)
Respect local traditions (discern the intent of local practices)
Context matters in deciding right from wrong (allow local groups to provide input)
How do you navigate ethical differences within organizational hierarchies (self-ethics vs
manager's ethics)? correct answers Clarify corporate ethical standards (establish code of ethics
and formal decision rules or policies; have top management lead by example)
Align goals with ethical standards (create appropriate recognition/rewards systems)
Establish reporting procedures (create whistle-blowing hotline or policy)
What main functions does communication fulfill within an organization? correct answers
coordination, transmission of information, and sharing emotions and feelings
What is the communication process model? correct answers Sender originates the message with
a thought, the sender encodes the message and translates the idea into words, the medium of this
encoded message may be spoken words, written words, or signs, the receiver is the person who
receives the message and decodes the message by assigning meaning to the words
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