Final Exam BBH 451 Practice Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
BBH 451
Institution
BBH 451
What law stated that there were no need for clinical trials and generic alternatives for drugs with expired patents could be used? Waxman Law
What is St. Johns Wort used for in Germany and the US? Germany-treats depression, anxiety, and insomnia US- dietary supplement to promote emotional balance
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Final Exam BBH 451 Practice Questions
and Correct Answers
What law stated that there were no need for clinical trials and generic alternatives for
drugs with expired patents could be used? ✅Waxman Law
What is St. Johns Wort used for in Germany and the US? ✅Germany-treats
depression, anxiety, and insomnia
US- dietary supplement to promote emotional balance
What is Hypericins half life? ✅25 hours
When do you reach peak blood levels taking hypericin? ✅5 hrs
What does quercitin inhibit? What about hyperforin? ✅CYP1A2
CYP2D6 and CYP2C9
What does hypericum and hypericin increase levels of when it inhibits MAO?
✅Norepinephrine and epinephrine
What 2 things does hypericum bind to? ✅GABA and glutaminergic NMDA type
receptors
What is the meta analysis for St Johns Wort treating depression? ✅SSRIs work better
What is Ginkgo used for in Europe? ✅dementia and gives brain protection
What is the half life of Ginkgo? ✅5 hrs with peak concentrations at 2-3 hrs
What are the pharmacodynamics of Ginkgo? ✅EGb-761 may have compounds with
actions on inflammation
EEG studies show increased alpha wave activity
Similiar to caffeine
What is the neuropharmacology of Ginkgo? ✅inhibits actions of GABA a positive
modulators
receptors similiar to convulsants but no seizures
relieve allodynia
What were the clinical efficacies of Ginkgo? ✅not much change in patients with
symptomatic dementia and no change in health individuals
, What were symptoms of Ginkgo? ✅mild headache
like advil- blocks platelet function
What is the job of Kava? ✅induces relaxation, improves sociability, promotes sleep
Does Kava bind to the same receptor as benzodiazepine? What is this called? ✅no it
is an allosteric
What were the clinical effects of Kava? ✅some extracts reduced anxiety but there was
really no significant change
What does ephedrine cause the body to release? ✅epinephrine, norepinephrine, and
dopamine
What does ephedrine resemble? ✅amphetamine but effects do not last as long
What age group is most susceptible to migraines and is it more common in med or
women? ✅25-50 year olds; women
What is yohimbine used for? ✅could increase noradrenergic activity
What are the 3 clinical phases and what are the characteristics of each? ✅1. Pre-
headache phase
-physical, somatic, or neurological
2. Headache phase
-throbbing, pulsatile pain in frontotemportal region, nausea, vomiting
3. Resultion phase
-fatigue and irritability
What two nociceptors are involved in migraines? ✅intracranial and extracranial
arteries
What is the vascular theory of a migraine? ✅pulsating, throbbing headache caused by
vasodilation
The activation of trigeminovascular system causes _________________ release during
migraine offset. ✅Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)
Low levels of what can trigger activation? ✅5-HT levels
What are the characteristics of triptans? ✅-acute management
-5-HT receptor agonist
-side effects: nausea, fatigue, jaw and chest tightness
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