BBH 451 Questions and Answers Bundle

Addiction State in which someone is afflicted with obsessive thought about drug used and overcome by compulsive urges to use a drug. Dependence Indicatve of a state in which someone's body has adapted to the presence of a drug to the extent that when the drug is removed, their body is thrown into ...

How long after oral consumption does it generally take to reach a 99% level of absorption of caffeine? 45 minutes True or false, caffeine is lipophilic and hydrophilic, allowing it to cross the blood brain barrier. true Which of the following is considered an anticholinergic symptom produced by sc...

Addiction a state in which someone is afflicted with obsessive thoughts about drug used and overcome by compulsive urges to use a drug. Dependence a state in which someone's body has adapted to the presence of a drug to the extent that when the drug is removed, their body is thrown into disequilib...

Nicotine is found in _________________ tobacco Nicotine Pharmacokinetics: Route of Administration Metabolized by Metabolite Half-life inhalation CYP2A6 Cotinine 2 hours Although nicotine is readily absorbed, only about _______% of the nicotine in an average cigarette actually makes it into t...

The scientific method this is used to test associations. The process is to do research, come up with a question, hypothesize, and then test the hypothesis Hypothesis this is a shorter, narrower idea when compared to a theory Theory this is built upon a large amount of research to answer a larger q...

Which Greek philosopher is responsible for the humoral theory of disease? Hippocrates Europe experienced a hiatus from scientific advancement from 500 A.D. to 1500 A.D. What event occurred that led to this pause? Fall of the Roman Empire Why are oral contraceptives considered a pharmacological rev...

Pharmacodynamics (MDMA) -increased in serotonin level in synapses (blocking reuptake & stimulating reverse transport) -action on 5-HT2A receptors in particular -NE and DA levels increase as well (considered a psychomotor stimulant) Pharmacokinetics (MDMA) -effects apparent within 1 hour of taking p...

CNS vs PNS central nervous system-consists of your brain and spinal cord-the brain communicates with the muscles in creating a plan to accomplish the movement-spinal cord acts as a conduct that carries motor information from the brain to the body and sensory information from the body to the brainper...

T/F: The combination of energy drink with alcohol (four loco) enhanced the feelings of stimulation in participants but did NOT change the level of impairment for impulsive behavior True What process produces ethanol as a waste product? Fermentation Beer is fermented from _________ Wine is fermente...

Hypothesis testing Scientific method to test associations Research, question, hypothesize, test p-values Due to bias, confounds, and unknown factors, even statistically significant results might lead to inaccurate inferences about causality Correlation doesn't imply ___________ causation Hypoth...

Why are barbiturates considered to be more toxic than benzodiazepines? Barbiturates bind to a separate protein that activates the GABA receptor to facilitate the influx of chloride ions. Benzodiazepines bind separate protein that activates the GABA receptor to facilitate the influx of chloride ion...

What was the initial use of cocaine? Indigenous South American use Coca leaf Chewed What was the initial use of cocaine in the Western Cultures? Local anesthetic Injection local for injury Topical anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, nerve blocks (until Novacane was developed) What kind of drug is c...

Benzodiazepines we are seeing a big increase in the number of deaths due to this class of drugs. These drugs can be used to treat pain but still have similar concerns to opioids (addictive, cannot mix with alcohol, can lead to respiratory depression) Back pain and chronic pain what are two types of...

Pharmacodynamics The study of what the drug does to the body -drug receptor interactions After drugs bind to receptor sites they can... induce or block alterations of shape Agonism the drug mimics the effects of neurotransmitter Antagonism the drug prevents action that would normally be ca...