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Virology Exam 2 Questions With Correct Answer1
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Virology Exam 2 Questions With Correct Answer1
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Virology Exam 2 Questions With Correct AnswersWhat virus causes measles Correct Answer-paramyxovirus
Does measles have a vaccine Correct Answer-Yes
What are the 4 factors influencing virus infection Correct Answer-Age,
General health and nutrition, Genetic factors, and Immunity
What are innate defenses Correct Answer-Innate defenses provide broad,
nonspecific defense against andy pathogen (is immediate and effective
against any pathogen)
What is adaptive immunity Correct Answer-Immune cells recognize and
remember specific pathogens (requires days to weeks to develop and is
specific for each particular virus)
What is the first line of defense that is in innate defenses Correct
Answer-Skin, mucus, ear wax, tears, stomach acid, ciliated respiratory
tract cells (Other defenses include white blood cells, macrophages,
dendritic cells, and natural killer cells)
What are macrophages Correct Answer-Ingest and kill pathogens,
including viruses, by phagocytosis, and present in tissues throughout the
body
,Activated macrophages produce ________ which trigger the
hypothalamus to produced prostaglandins (induce fever, an innate
antiviral response) Correct Answer-Pyrogens
What are dendritic cells Correct Answer-Ingest and kill pathogens,
including viruses, by phagocytosis. Are present in skin, mucus
membranes, GI tract (process viral antigens onto their cell surface for
presentation to T helper cells)
What are natural killer cells Correct Answer-Recognize and kill cells
expressing viral or tumor antigens
Activated natural killer cells release cytokines called ______ which
causes lethal pores in target cells Correct Answer-Perforins
What is an interferon response Correct Answer-cytokine is produced in
virus infected cells (attaches to neighboring cells inducing an antiviral
state) does not protect the cell that is infected, but rather protects the
surrounding cells
How does interferon protect surrounding cells Correct Answer-IFN
released and binds to receptor on uninfected neighboring cells. Antiviral
proteins are induced and expressed in cells. Upon viral infection, AVP
degrade viral RNA and inhibit protein synthesis stopping viral
replication
, Type 1 IFN pathway Correct Answer-Induced antiviral proteins,
RNAase L- degrades viral and host cell RNA, protein kinase inhibits
viral and host protein synthesis
Synthetic IFN can be used for treatment of Correct Answer-Chronic
hepatitis B, AIDS, Papillomaviruses, various cancers
________ congregate in the lymph nodes and exit through the outgoing
lymph vessels Correct Answer-Lymphocytes
Where are B lymphocytes born and mature Correct Answer-They are
born and mature in the bone marrow
Where are T lymphocytes mature Correct Answer-They mature in the
thymus gland
Plasma Correct Answer-Fluid component of blood including clotting
factors
Serum Correct Answer-Fluid component of blood minus clotting factors
(usually used as a source for antibodies)
T-cell independent antibody response Correct Answer-Receptors on B
cells react with a specific virus antigen, B cells are activated and mature
into plasma cells, plasma cells secrete antibodies against the specific
virus, long-lived memory B cells are induced
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