BESC 204 Exam 2 Questions with Answers All Correct
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BESC 204
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BESC 204
BESC 204 Exam 2 Questions with Answers All Correct
What is the difference between a superficial infection and a systemic infection - Answer-superficial affects the dermal layers of skin. systemic means it spreads beyond point of inoculation
why are fungal diseases are difficult to treat once t...
BESC 204 Exam 2 Questions with
Answers All Correct
What is the difference between a superficial infection and a systemic infection - Answer-
superficial affects the dermal layers of skin. systemic means it spreads beyond point of
inoculation
why are fungal diseases are difficult to treat once they take hold - Answer-Their
anatomy is very similar to our own, meaning most things that will kill them will kill us.
They also can develop resistance to antifungals
What is a secondary metabolite? - Answer-A metabolic product (compound) that is not
essential to the basic growth, development, or reproduction of the organism producing it
What is aflatoxin? What fungi produce it? How was it discovered? Where in the body is
toxic? What food products are susceptible? - Answer--first discovered in turkeys
-the most carcinogenic naturally occurring substance known to science.
-causes liver cancer in animals
-requires oilly seeds (sunflower seeds, canola, peanut, and rapeseed)
-Aspergillus flavus produces aflatoxins as a secondary metabolite
What are fumonisins? What fungi produce it? How was it discovered? Where in the
body is toxic? What food products are susceptible? - Answer--causes hole in the head
disease and throat cancers in livestock
-Fusarium moniliforme (F. verticillioides)
-found in wheat and corn
What are trichothecenes? What fungi produce it? How was it discovered? Where in the
body is toxic? What food products are susceptible? - Answer--T-2 - produced by
Fusarium tricinctum, causes alimentary toxic aleukia,
-Deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) - produced by Fusarium graminearum - causes
stunted growth, feed refusal, perhaps death of livestock.
-Produced on grain (wheat, oat etc.) that is stored in damp conditions, or is left in the
field unharvested over the winter.
What are the factors leading to a rise in mycotoxin related problems in the last 100
years. - Answer-increased globalization has led to increased storage duration
What was the the Yellow Rain incident described by Hudler? - Answer-T-2 fungus
rained down on Hmong people by (suspected) the Soviet Union. killed plants and
sickened people. No one has claimed credit for the incident
, Ergot of Wheat and Rye: :organism that causes it, what symptoms are in host, and
history of disease - Answer--Claviceps purpurea
-caused by ingesting contaminated wheat or rye
-induces miscarriage, migraines, halucinations, and burning or itching sensation of the
skin
what alkaloids are produced by Ergot of Wheat and Rye and what are their effects -
Answer-Ergotamine = vasoconstrictor, dry gangrene
Ergonovine = spontaneous abortion
Ergine/Lysergic Acid = convulsive ergotism (nervous dysfunction, formication,
hallucinations)
Describe St. Anthony's Fire and some of the historic events it has been tied to - Answer-
St. Anthony became associated with Ergot of Rye after a nobleman's son was cured of
Ergot disease with St. Anthony's relics. The man funded hospitals who cared for those
afflicted with the disease. The disease is tied to the Salem Witch Trials as well as the
Pont-St. Espirit bakery affliction.
What is some of the evidence that the Salem witch trials are tied to poisoning with
ergot? - Answer-The people in that area ate a grain-based diet. The weather conditions
were correct (mild winter, damp spring). Accounts of animals infected with ergotted rye
were also noted.
Are there any medicinal uses for ergot alkaloids? - Answer-Migraine medications like
Ergate and Migril
Describe why the discovery of Penicillin started such a revolution. - Answer--Allowed for
surgery to take place
-Decreased mortality rate for small injuries (prior to this, would lead to death)
List the three key scientists (and their contributions) involved in the discovery of
penicillin - Answer-Alexander Fleming (initial discovery)
Howard Florey (supervising clinical trials that led to its use in humans)
Ernst Chain (establishing purification parameters)
what are the Oomycota are, how are the similar and different from 'True Fungi' -
Answer-Not true fungi
Belong to the kingdom Stramenopila (offshoot of Protista)
More closely related to algae than fungi
DIFFERENCES:
Cell walls contain cellulose rather than chitin
Diploid nuclei
Aseptate
Zoospores form 2 flagella
Biochemical pathway for lysine synthesis
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