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Intro to Marine Science Exam -2 Questions and Answers
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Intro to Marine Science Exam -2 Questions and Answers
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Intro to Marine Science Exam #2Questions and Answers
viscosity - Answer -a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow that describes the internal
friction of a moving fluid
source - Answer -the flux into a geochemical reservoir, such as the addition of elements
to seawater by rivers or by seafloor hydrothermal processes
sink - Answer -the flux out of a geochemical reservoir, such as the removal of salts from
seawater by mineral precipitation
salinity - Answer -the saltiness or dissolved salt content of a body of water; usually
expressed in grams per kilogram or parts per thousand by weight
steady-state - Answer -the case where a system or process does not change in time; as
used here, it refers to a situation where the oceans salt composition is unchanging
because inputs are balanced by outputs
conservative elements - Answer -ions with high and uniform concentrations that occur in
constant proportion to each other in the ocean through time (Na+, Cl-, K+, Mg2+, and
SO4^2-)
nonconservative elements - Answer -elements whose proportions in seawater vary in
space and time; usually because they are involved in biological or chemical processes
and have short residence times (NO3-, PO4^2-, Si, Fe, and Se)
Residence Time - Answer -Amount of element in ocean/Rate at which it is delivered (or
removed)
Chlorine (Cl-) - Answer -single most abundant ion in the ocean
Principle of Constant Proportions - Answer -states the proportions of major conservative
elements remain nearly constant with respect to each other even though total salinity
may change from place to place
salinometer - Answer -an instrument designed to measure the salinity, or dissolved salt
content, of a solution; by measuring conductivity
, temperature-salinity diagram - Answer -graphical tool that plots salinity on the x axis and
temperature on the y axis
isopycnals - Answer -a line connecting points of equal density and often used
analogously to contour lines in graphical representations of temperature and salinity
data
stable - Answer -refers to water column where density increases with water depth
unstable - Answer -a situation that occurs when denser water is introduced on top of
less dense water, which causes water to move vertically and result in mixing
overturning - Answer -vertical movement that occurs when denser water sinks and
displaces the less dense water beneath, which in turn will rise to the surface
thermocline - Answer -where temperature changes rapidly with depth
halocline - Answer -a depth interval in the ocean where salinity changes rapidly with
depth
pycnocline - Answer -layer where water density increases rapidly with depth
mixed layer - Answer -upper surface layer of the ocean in which temperature and
salinity are relatively constant with depth
deep layer - Answer -portion of the ocean below the pycnocline where there is little
additional change of density with increasing depth
isothermal - Answer -occurring at constant temperature; water column is described as
this in polar regions/latitudes
nutrients - Answer -chemicals that are essential to life; provide nourishment for growth
or metabolism in primary producers
nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon - Answer -major nutrients in the sea that govern the
distribution of life
limiting nutrients - Answer -an element essential to a species but found in a
concentration low enough to be a ____________ factor on the population; its
abundance or lack thereof controls the maximum population of the species
primary producers - Answer -organisms in an ecosystem that produce biomass from
inorganic compounds (autotrophs- use light or chemical energy)
photosynthesis - Answer -the process by which a green plant turns water and carbon
dioxide into food when the plant is exposed to light
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