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Intelligence defined by lay public correct answers Most psychological definitions came from experts on human intelligence but people have their own notions of what constitutes intelligence. (Lay or implicit theories) Reasons logically and well, reads widely, displays common sense, keeps an open ...

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  • September 3, 2024
  • 12
  • 2024/2025
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3006PSY Final Exam || with A+ Guaranteed Solutions.
Intelligence defined by lay public correct answers Most psychological definitions came from
experts on human intelligence but people have their own notions of what constitutes intelligence.
(Lay or implicit theories)

Reasons logically and well, reads widely, displays common sense, keeps an open mind, writes
without difficulty, is sensitive to other people's needs and desires. - Intelligent traits

Differences between lay and expert defintions of intelligence correct answers • Motivation &
narrower (experts)
• Interpersonal aspects and broader (lay people)
Developmental psychology students listed behaviours associated with intelligence in infancy,
childhood and adulthood (Seigler & Richards, 1980)

Taiwanese Chinese conceptions of intelligence (Yang & Steinberg, 1997) correct answers i.
General cognitive factor
ii. Interpersonal intelligence
iii. Intrapersonal intelligence
iv. Intellectual self-assertion (knowing when to show you are intelligent)
v. Intellectual self-effacement (knowing when to hide your intelligence)

Galton definition of intelligence correct answers more intelligent = higher sensory abilities

Believed intelligence was hereditary rather than being learned. Developed many sensorimotor
and perception-related tests by which he attempted to measure his definition of intelligence.

Binet definition of intelligence correct answers did not define explicitly but described various
components of intelligence, including reasoning, judgement, memory and abstraction.

Weschler definition of intelligence correct answers conceptualised intelligence as "the aggregate
capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his
environment. It is composed of elements or abilities which are qualitatively differentiable"

Weschler IQ test correct answers Measure two qualitvely differentiable abilties, which are verbal
or performance based in nature. Provides verbal and performance IQ.

Spearman definition of intelligence correct answers believed that across all of the various
specific cognitive tasks that were used in intelligence tests there was a substantial overlap. A
commonality that he called a general intellectual ability factor represented by italic lower case g

Gardner definition of intelligence correct answers argued that traditional IQ tests were limited
and only covered a subset of human intelligence. Citing lay defiinitions emphasizing social
competence, emotional insight and socially valued human abilities such as musical and artisti
expression, proposed a theory of multiple intelligences. Intially seven (since expanded)

, Gardner original seven multiple intelligences correct answers Includes Bodily-kinesthetic
• Musical intelligence
• Interpersonal intelligence
• Intrapersonal intelligence
• Philosophical/spiritual intelligence
• Naturalistic intelligence

Interactionalism correct answers Complex concept by which heredity and environment are
presumed to interact and influence the development of intelligence. Majoy theme in theories of
Binet, Wechler and Piaget.

Dictionary definition of intelligence correct answers A multifaceted capacity that includes the
abilities to: Acquire and apply knowledge. REaosn logically, plan effectively and infer
perceptively. Grasp and visualise concepts. Find the right words and thoughts with facility. Cope
with and adjust to novel situations.

factor analysis correct answers Family of statistical techniques used to examine correlations
among variables (items or tests)

Used in theory validation, used in test construction and validation
Invented by pearson in 1901, spearman further developed in 1904

Reason for factor analysis use correct answers Simple theory is generally better than a
complicated theory. Factor analysis helps us discover the smallest number of psychological
dimensions that can account for various behaviours, symptoms and test scores we observe.

Exploratory Factor analysis correct answers Identifies underlying
dimensions/clusters/factors/components in data used for theory development (e.g. structure of
personality) and test construction/validation.

summarises large amount of items or information into fewer scores. Based on correlations among
items, identifies clusters of highly correlated items. Common variance among items might reflect
central underlying theme.

Reminder Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) correct answers identifies underyling clusters or
dimensions. Summarises data, identifies relationships/correlations existing in data

Confirmation Factor Analysis (CFA) correct answers Conducted after EFA with a different
sample during test construction, evidence of validity (structural or factorial validity), tests
hypotheses about underlying structure of tests/items.

Fluid intelligence correct answers Non-verbal and culture reduced form of mental efficiency,
related to a person's inherent capacity to learn and problem solve. Used when a person needs to
adapt to a new situation

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