Clinical Psychology 2301A || very Flawless.
- BA or Masters
- Assist individuals groups or communities to restore or enhance capacity for social functioning
while creating societal conditions favorable to their goals correct answers Clinical Social
Workers
the field of clinical psychology involves research, teaching, and services relevant to the
applications of procedures for understanding, emotional, biological, and social disability applied
to a wide range of client populations correct answers clinical psychology
help the mentally ill become productive members of society by teaching them practical skills
- help patients regain ability to perform daily and work activities correct answers Occupational
Therapists
provide recreation with those with illness or disability correct answers recreation therapist
work with healthier population, focus on clients strengths, educational and occupational,
changing to include more private practice correct answers counselling psychologists
- Clinical neuropsychlogy - assessment and treatment of those with brain illness/ injury
- Forensic psychology - assessment and treatment of those with the legal system
- Health psychology - research and practice contribute to health and well being of patients
- Rehabitation psychology - work with those who are physically or cognitively disabled correct
answers specialized areas of clinical psychology *
- Therapy - most common, different types, individual, couple, family, group, can be short or long
terms, different theoretical orientations (most common is eclectic)
- Diagnosis/ assessment - various types, interviews (structured vs. non-structured), test batteries
(intellectual, cognitive, aptitude, personality, risk assessment), assessment for diagnosis,
treatment planning, consultation, recommendations, treatment evaluation
- Teaching - full time, part time, can teach undergrad, graduate, one-to-one thesis advisor,
clinical supervision
- Clinical supervision -
- Research - "scientist-practitioner" model (clinical practice is enhanced by knowledge of
scientific methods and research is improved by clinical practice)
- Consultation - increase effectiveness of those to whom one's efforts are directed by imparting to
them some expertise
- Administration - committee work ex. managing units in hospital correct answers activities of
clinical psych (therapy, diagnosis/assessment, teaching, clinical supervision, research,
consultation, administration) *
- Psychotherapy: the most frequently engaged and occupies the most time
o Therapy often involves a one-on-one relationship between patient and psychologist
- Diagnosis and Assessment: This technique involves the effort to better understand an individual
so that a more informed decision can be made
,- teaching: Often clinical psychologists teach courses in psychopathology, psychological testing,
interviewing, intervention, personality theory, developmental psychopathology, etc
- Clinical Supervision: another form of teaching
o More one-on-one teaching, small groups approaches, and other less formal non-classroom
varieties of instruction
- Research and Writing
o Scientist-Practitioner Modal: all clinicians are to be trained as scientists and as practitioners,
this model was developed to expect that all clinical psychologists have training in "thinking like
a scientist," this model suggests that clinical work is enhanc correct answers activities of clinical
psychologists
- Boulder Model (Scientist practitioner model (uwo))
o Research/academic + applied skills
- Vail Model
o Professional model
o Emphasizes practice, much less research focus
o Development of free-standing professional schools
- Advantages of scientist- practitioner model
o More comprehensive knowledge clinical research
o Better critical eye for research findings
o Better able to conduct clinical research
o Trained in designing and evaluating assessment tools
o Better able to conduct therapy outcome research
o Case conceptualization is similar to hypothesis training correct answers Training Models
(boulder/scientist practitioner and vail) *
Pre-Clinical Psychology:
Clinical Psychology as a Profession
- History of Treatment
- History of assessment correct answers History of Clinical Psychology Ch2
HISTORICALLY: spiritual causes: possession (ghosts)
- Ancient Beliefs (Trephining (drill hole in skull) to release evil spirits)
- SOMATOGENESIS: development of physical disease (physical cause)
- Hippocrates (400 A.D.) (bodily and physical causes)
- Medical model
--- Some argued emotional cause
--- physicians not priests
- Balance of bodily humors:
-- Blood - unpredictability
-- black bile - melancholia (sadness)
-- Yellow bile - irritability & anxiousness
-- phlegm (thick viscous substance) - apathetic (taking interest)
Classification of disorders:
Mania, melancholia, phrenitis
- Spiritual causes revisited
, -- The Dark Ages (God's wrath)
- exorcism
-- Cultural context: social unrest, famines, plagues
-- witchcraft associated with satan
Malleus Maleficarum ("the witch's hammer"), persecution of witches
to this day patients come with ideas of spirits though no longer treated correct answers history of
conceptualizing and treating psychopathology *
Development of Asylums
1243 - The Priory of St. Mary of Bethlehem ("Bedlam")
-patients shackled, deplorable conditions, seen as entertainment (ppl payed to visit)
* Asylums not synonymous with humane treatment
Benjamin Rush (1745 -1813) "Father of American Psychiatry"
Treatments:
"blood letting" (significant amounts of draining blood from patients)
"swinging treatment" (patient put in chair hanging from tree and swung around to cure anxiety)
"scare treatment" (patient blindfolded and scared to treat anxiety) correct answers REFORMS IN
THE TREATMENT OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY *
Moral treatment
Pinel in 1793 provided humanitarian care.
emphasized responsibility
Dorethea Dix
- sought to reform asylums (reform: make changes in)
- Opening of hospitals correct answers treatment: reform movement *
Humanism
- People are sick; not possessed
- need to be treated with dignity
Despite this movement, some treatments continue to seem barbaric by todays standards
- "wandering uterus theory" and hysterectomy
- "masturbatory theory" & "treatment" gloves (1890s) gloves with spikes put on to discourage
masturbation correct answers reforms in the treatment of psychopathology (the scientific study of
mental disorders) *
More Biological Views - Return to somatogenesis
Franz Josef GALL (1758-1828).
- moral and intellectual faculties are innate & their exercise or manifestation depends on
organisation"
- Brain is the organ of all the propensities, sentiments and faculties
- The form of the head or cranium represents the form of the brain and the reflect the relative
development of the brain organs ==> fernology correct answers history of psychopathology *
More contemporary thoughts
- somatogenesis revisited
- Kraepelin (1883) syndromes noted
