TEST BANK for Ethics and Issues in Contemporary
Nursing 3rd Edition by Burkhardt & Walton
Values - ANSWER: ideals, beliefs, customs, modes of conduct, qualities, or goals that
are highly prized or preferred by individuals, groups or society
Axiology - ANSWER: branch of philosophy that studies values (meaning "worth" or
"worthy" in Greek) and includes study of ethics
Moral Thought - ANSWER: individuals' cognitive examination of right and wrong,
good and bad
Moral Values - ANSWER: preferences or dispositions that reflect right or wrong,
should or should not, in human behaviour
Moral Autonomy - ANSWER: the process of moving away from simply adopting the
values and beliefs of others who influence us, to a state of taking responsibility for
our values and beliefs, embracing them as our own and demonstrating them through
our actions
Values Clarification - ANSWER: refers to the process of becoming more conscious of
and naming what one values or considers worthy
Integrity - ANSWER: refers to adherence to moral norms that is sustained over time.
Implicit in _____ is trustworthiness and consistency in convictions, actions and
emotions
Moral Integrity - ANSWER: a focal virtue the relates to soundness, reliability,
wholeness, an integration of character, and fidelity in adherence to moral norms
sustained over time
Authenticity - ANSWER: the quality of being genuine and consistent over time
Self Awareness - ANSWER: conscious awareness of one's thoughts feelings, physical
and emotional responses, and insights in various situations
Values Conflict - ANSWER: internal or interpersonal conflict that occurs in
circumstances where personal values are at odds with those of patients, colleagues,
or the institution.
Overt Values - ANSWER: values of individuals, groups, institutions, and organized
systems that are explicitly communicated through philosophy and policy statements
, Covert Values - ANSWER: expectations that are not in writing that are often
identified only through participation in, or controversies within, an organization or
institution
Moral Distress - ANSWER: the reaction to a situation in which there are moral
problems that seem to have clear solutions, yet one is unable to follow one's moral
beliefs because of external or institutional restraints. This may manifest itself in
anger, frustration, dissatisfaction, and poor performance in the work setting.
Globalization - ANSWER: a set of processes or goals aiming to integrate economic,
social, political, and trade systems across political boundaries
Moral Development - ANSWER: a product of the sociocultural environment in which
one lives and develops that reflects the intellectual and emotional process through
which one learns and incorporates values regarding right and wrong
Theory - ANSWER: a proposed explanation for a class of phenomena
Ethic of Justice + example - ANSWER: an approach to ethical decision making that is
based on objective rules and principles, in which choices are made from a stance of
separateness
Kohlberg's Model
Ethic of Care + example - ANSWER: an approach to ethical decision making that is
grounded in relationships and mutual responsibility
Gilligan's Model
What are Piaget's stages of Cognitive Development? - ANSWER: Sensorimotor stage
(birth-24 months)
Preoperational stage (2-7 years)
-Ego centric in this stage
Concrete operations stage (7-11 years)
-Use logic for concrete problems
Formal operations stage (11-adulthood)
-Hypothetical situations, inductive and deductive reasoning
Explain the Preconventional Level (Level 1) in Kohlberg's theory of Moral
Development. - ANSWER: -Characterized by an egocentric focus, fear of punishment
a major motivator
-Two stages: Punishment and Obedience, and Individual instrumental purpose and
exchange
-Punishment vs. Obedience: Rules are obeyed to avoid punishment
-Individual instrumental purpose and exchange: Rules are obeyed because rewards
are provided, in our best interest
Nursing 3rd Edition by Burkhardt & Walton
Values - ANSWER: ideals, beliefs, customs, modes of conduct, qualities, or goals that
are highly prized or preferred by individuals, groups or society
Axiology - ANSWER: branch of philosophy that studies values (meaning "worth" or
"worthy" in Greek) and includes study of ethics
Moral Thought - ANSWER: individuals' cognitive examination of right and wrong,
good and bad
Moral Values - ANSWER: preferences or dispositions that reflect right or wrong,
should or should not, in human behaviour
Moral Autonomy - ANSWER: the process of moving away from simply adopting the
values and beliefs of others who influence us, to a state of taking responsibility for
our values and beliefs, embracing them as our own and demonstrating them through
our actions
Values Clarification - ANSWER: refers to the process of becoming more conscious of
and naming what one values or considers worthy
Integrity - ANSWER: refers to adherence to moral norms that is sustained over time.
Implicit in _____ is trustworthiness and consistency in convictions, actions and
emotions
Moral Integrity - ANSWER: a focal virtue the relates to soundness, reliability,
wholeness, an integration of character, and fidelity in adherence to moral norms
sustained over time
Authenticity - ANSWER: the quality of being genuine and consistent over time
Self Awareness - ANSWER: conscious awareness of one's thoughts feelings, physical
and emotional responses, and insights in various situations
Values Conflict - ANSWER: internal or interpersonal conflict that occurs in
circumstances where personal values are at odds with those of patients, colleagues,
or the institution.
Overt Values - ANSWER: values of individuals, groups, institutions, and organized
systems that are explicitly communicated through philosophy and policy statements
, Covert Values - ANSWER: expectations that are not in writing that are often
identified only through participation in, or controversies within, an organization or
institution
Moral Distress - ANSWER: the reaction to a situation in which there are moral
problems that seem to have clear solutions, yet one is unable to follow one's moral
beliefs because of external or institutional restraints. This may manifest itself in
anger, frustration, dissatisfaction, and poor performance in the work setting.
Globalization - ANSWER: a set of processes or goals aiming to integrate economic,
social, political, and trade systems across political boundaries
Moral Development - ANSWER: a product of the sociocultural environment in which
one lives and develops that reflects the intellectual and emotional process through
which one learns and incorporates values regarding right and wrong
Theory - ANSWER: a proposed explanation for a class of phenomena
Ethic of Justice + example - ANSWER: an approach to ethical decision making that is
based on objective rules and principles, in which choices are made from a stance of
separateness
Kohlberg's Model
Ethic of Care + example - ANSWER: an approach to ethical decision making that is
grounded in relationships and mutual responsibility
Gilligan's Model
What are Piaget's stages of Cognitive Development? - ANSWER: Sensorimotor stage
(birth-24 months)
Preoperational stage (2-7 years)
-Ego centric in this stage
Concrete operations stage (7-11 years)
-Use logic for concrete problems
Formal operations stage (11-adulthood)
-Hypothetical situations, inductive and deductive reasoning
Explain the Preconventional Level (Level 1) in Kohlberg's theory of Moral
Development. - ANSWER: -Characterized by an egocentric focus, fear of punishment
a major motivator
-Two stages: Punishment and Obedience, and Individual instrumental purpose and
exchange
-Punishment vs. Obedience: Rules are obeyed to avoid punishment
-Individual instrumental purpose and exchange: Rules are obeyed because rewards
are provided, in our best interest
