EOSC 114 - FRAGILE SYSTEM exam with
complete solutions
What is the SI Standard for time
-what are other non-SI time units - ANSWER- seconds
non-si:
minute, hour, day
year, milennium
What are some disasters caused by an initial cause that has a longer release than
build up? - ANSWER- earthquake --> tsunami, min to build up, hours to release
thunderstorm --> floods, hours to build up, days to release
others: storm surges and lahars
what is the SI standard for distance - ANSWER- metre
SI standard for mass - ANSWER- kg kilogram
What is density and its units - ANSWER- Mass per unit volume
kg/m^3
*Explain what density is and how it relates to stratification - ANSWER- - less
dense materials float on top of denser materials
- materials that make up earth become layered due to density --> i.e. stratified into
layers
- due to stratification, least dense floats to the top (air), most dense sink to the
bottom(rocks) and the middle materials are in the middle (ocean)
What are the different layers of the atmosphere - ANSWER- highest --> lowest
1.exosphere - where H and He escape to space
, 2. Thermosphere
-mesopause
3. Mesosphere
-stratopause
4. Stratosphere
- tropopause
5. Troposphere (contains storms)
Layers of the Ocean - ANSWER- surface --> deepest
1. mixed layer/surface layer
2. Thermocline/ intermediate layer
3. Deep layer/bottom layer
What is stratification in the ocean driven by - ANSWER- changes in temperature
and salinity which affects density
Layers of Earth - ANSWER- from surface to center
1. Lithosphere (solid, crust)
2. Asthenosphere (plastic rock)
3. Mesosphere (solid rock)
4. Outer Core (liquid metal)
5. Inner Core (solid metal)
Crust - part of lithosphere
mantle - lower part of lithosphere + asthenosphere + mesosphere
core - outer and inner
*Explain why disaster scales are based on the Order-of-Magnitude concept and
interpret graphs with logarithmic scales. - ANSWER- - if we plotted order of
magnitudes (10^p) against p, using an exponential curve gives us a graph that is
really hard to read because in the beginning of the group the plots are very close
to the x axis and then near the end of the graph, it sky rockets up.
- if we change it to a log scale, we get a linear line which is much easier to read
- ordinate ( y axis) goes by powers of ten
What does order of magnitude mean - ANSWER- power of ten
- one order of magnitude larger = times ten
complete solutions
What is the SI Standard for time
-what are other non-SI time units - ANSWER- seconds
non-si:
minute, hour, day
year, milennium
What are some disasters caused by an initial cause that has a longer release than
build up? - ANSWER- earthquake --> tsunami, min to build up, hours to release
thunderstorm --> floods, hours to build up, days to release
others: storm surges and lahars
what is the SI standard for distance - ANSWER- metre
SI standard for mass - ANSWER- kg kilogram
What is density and its units - ANSWER- Mass per unit volume
kg/m^3
*Explain what density is and how it relates to stratification - ANSWER- - less
dense materials float on top of denser materials
- materials that make up earth become layered due to density --> i.e. stratified into
layers
- due to stratification, least dense floats to the top (air), most dense sink to the
bottom(rocks) and the middle materials are in the middle (ocean)
What are the different layers of the atmosphere - ANSWER- highest --> lowest
1.exosphere - where H and He escape to space
, 2. Thermosphere
-mesopause
3. Mesosphere
-stratopause
4. Stratosphere
- tropopause
5. Troposphere (contains storms)
Layers of the Ocean - ANSWER- surface --> deepest
1. mixed layer/surface layer
2. Thermocline/ intermediate layer
3. Deep layer/bottom layer
What is stratification in the ocean driven by - ANSWER- changes in temperature
and salinity which affects density
Layers of Earth - ANSWER- from surface to center
1. Lithosphere (solid, crust)
2. Asthenosphere (plastic rock)
3. Mesosphere (solid rock)
4. Outer Core (liquid metal)
5. Inner Core (solid metal)
Crust - part of lithosphere
mantle - lower part of lithosphere + asthenosphere + mesosphere
core - outer and inner
*Explain why disaster scales are based on the Order-of-Magnitude concept and
interpret graphs with logarithmic scales. - ANSWER- - if we plotted order of
magnitudes (10^p) against p, using an exponential curve gives us a graph that is
really hard to read because in the beginning of the group the plots are very close
to the x axis and then near the end of the graph, it sky rockets up.
- if we change it to a log scale, we get a linear line which is much easier to read
- ordinate ( y axis) goes by powers of ten
What does order of magnitude mean - ANSWER- power of ten
- one order of magnitude larger = times ten
