cell cytoplasm correct answers The genetic material (DNA) of a prokaryotic cell is found here
Prokaryotic correct answers Which cells lack membrane-bound organelles?
Coccus - Spherical, Bacillus - Rod shaped, Vibrio - Comma shaped, Spirillum - Wavy, Spirochete - Corkscrew shaped correct answe...
MBI 111 Exam 2 || A+ Graded Already.
cell cytoplasm correct answers The genetic material (DNA) of a prokaryotic cell is found here
Prokaryotic correct answers Which cells lack membrane-bound organelles?
Coccus - Spherical, Bacillus - Rod shaped, Vibrio - Comma shaped, Spirillum - Wavy,
Spirochete - Corkscrew shaped correct answers 5 common types of bacteria
Flagella correct answers Used for movement (motility), Rigid structures that rotate like
propellers (not wavelike); push cells along. Arrangement varies by species
Axial Filaments correct answers Located under the cell wall in Spirochetes. Results in twisting
movement of entire cell
Fimbriae correct answers Used for attachment to host cells (Virulence factor). Often hundreds
per cell
Pili correct answers Join bacteria together for DNA transfer
Glycocalyx:
Capsules and Slime Layers correct answers Virulence factor, thick, sticky, or slippery
substances, attached to outside of cell wall
Slippery capsules correct answers Protect bacteria from being engulfed by immune system cells
Sticky capsules correct answers Assist in bacterial attachment to surfaces
Cell Wall correct answers Major function: Prevent bacteria from rupturing. Almost every species
of bacteria has one, made of peptidoglycan (PG)
Peptidoglycan correct answers Mesh structure is very strong and somewhat flexible (prevents
cell from rupturing), open enough to allow molecules to freely enter & leave the cell
Gram Negative Cell Wall correct answers Thinner PG layer, gram stain pink, Outer membrane
(OM).
Many molecules cannot cross the OM, protects Gram (-) from certain antibiotics & detergents
that kill Gram (+). Periplasmic Space - fluid-filled space between cell membrane and OM which
contains the PG layer
, Membrane protein functions correct answers Transport substances across the membrane,
breakdown nutrients & generate energy (jobs done by mitochondria in eukaryotic cells)
Cytoplasm correct answers 70 - 80% water, "Building blocks" for cells are dissolved in the
water: Proteins, sugars, fats, etc.
Bacterial chromosome correct answers Circular molecule of DNA, usually just one. Found in the
cytoplasm (no nucleus in bacteria)
Plasmids correct answers Small circles of DNA (not part of the chromosome)
Carry special traits: Antibiotic resistance genes
Ribosomes correct answers Make proteins, 10,000s per cell
Inclusions correct answers Stored material. Different types of bacteria make different types
Actin Cytoskeleton correct answers Long fibers of actin and tubulin wrapped around the cell
under the cell membrane.
Appear to affect shape: found in rod and spiral shaped bacteria, not in cocci
Endospores correct answers Highly durable bacterial cell form, that is dormant (no metabolic
processes), but is still alive.
Enables survival of harsh conditions (extreme heat, lack of water or food, exposure to
disinfectants and radiation).
Formed by just 3 groups of bacteria
Sporulation correct answers Process by which a bacterial cell transforms into an endospore.
Triggered by unfavorable environmental conditions. Not a form of reproduction
Germination correct answers Process by which an endospore transforms into a metabolically
active bacterial cell. Not a form of reproduction: 1 endospore transforms into 1 bacterial cell.
Triggered by favorable environmental conditions. Can occur after millions of years of dormancy.
Binary Fission (Bacterial Growth) correct answers One cell elongates then divides in two
Archaea correct answers Have cell walls, but lack peptidoglycan, have unusual lipids in their cell
membranes, have a unique ribosomal structure, often found in very harsh environments
Thermoacidophiles correct answers Live at high temperatures and very low pH
Hyperthermophiles correct answers Live at temperatures above the boiling point of water
Extreme halophiles correct answers Live in the presence of very high salt concentrations
Cell (Cytoplasmic) Membrane correct answers Found in all eukaryotic cells: Selectively
permeable phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller FullyFocus. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $11.09. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
